open access
메뉴
open access
메뉴
E-ISSN : 2733-4538
This study aimed to determine whether individuals with social phobia (SP) could be classified into subtypes according to their interpersonal problem patterns and to discover whether such different subtypes would respond differently to cognitive -behavioral therapy. We used the Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (KIIP-C), Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule-IV (ADIS-IV), and Self-Reported Test Battery (Korean version of Social Avoidance and Distress Scale; SADS, Brief-Fear of negative Evaluation Scale; B-FNE, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale; SIAS, Social Phobia Scale; SPS) to assess 74 SP patients who participated in eight-weeks of cognitive-behavioral therapy and we examined the participants' behavior patterns as recorded before -and -after the therapy for the treatment's effects. According to our cluster analysis of T-scores of KIIP-C variations, Participants fell into two different classifications: dominant type (n = 14), and submissive type (n = 60). Comparing their different characteristics and responses to treatment, we found the generalized social phobia group reported greater symptom severity and suffered more interpersonal problems than did the non-generalized social phobia group. When examined via interpersonal subtype classification, the two subgroups shared similar symptom severity and treatment responses patterns. With regard to social avoidance, dominant-type SP patients improved significantly more than did submissive type patients. We discussed the implications and potential clinical relevance of social phobia classification based on interpersonal problem patterns.
권정혜, 조선미, 이정윤 (1998). 수줍음도 지나치면 병. 서울: 학지사.
김영환, 진유경, 조용래, 권정혜, 홍상황, 박은영 (2002). 한국형 대인관계문제검사의 타당화: KIIP-C와 KIIP-PD의 신뢰도와 타당도. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 21(2), 391-411.
김향숙 (2001). 사회공포증 하위유형의 기억편향. 서울대학교 일반대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
박기환 (2001). 사회공포증 하위 유형이 인지행동집단치료 효과에 미치는 영향 -일반화 유형 대 특정 유형을 중심으로-. 인지행동치료학회지, 1(1), 93-108.
박기환 (2007). 사회공포증 하위유형에 따른 임상적 특징 및 치료 효과 비교. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 26(1), 93-106.
박서정 (2006). 대인관계유형에 따른 사회공포증 집단의 사회적 능력 및 타인 기대 차이. 고려대학교 일반대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
박은영, 홍상황, 유연옥, 김영환 (2001). 대인관계문제검사 원형척도의 교차타당화와 임상적 적용. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 20(4), 301-344.
이정윤, 최정훈 (1997). 한국판 사회공포증 척도(K-SAD, K-FNE)의 신뢰도 및 타당도 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상. 16(2). 251-264
정남운 (2004). 대인관계 원형모델에 따른 한국판 대인관계 형용사척도의 구성. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료. 16(1), 37-51.
Alden, L. E., & Taylor, C. T. (2004). Interpersonal process in social phobia. Clinical Psychology Review. 24, 857-882.
Alden, L. E., & Bieling, P. J. (1996). Interpersonal convergence of personality constructs in dynamic and cognitive models of depression. Journal of Research in Personality. 30, 60-75.
Alden, L. E., & Capreol, M. J. (1993). Avoidant personality disorder: Interpersonal problems as predictors of treatment response. Behavior Therapy. 24, 357- 376.
Alden, L. E., & Phillips, N. (1990). An interpersonal analysis of social anxiety and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 14, 499-513.
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders (3rd edition). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders (3rd edition-Revised). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders (4th edition). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders (4th edition text-revision). Washington, DC: Author.
Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., Jacob, R. G., & Cooley, M. R. (1989). Assessment of social phobia: Reliability of an impromptu speech task. Journal of Anxiety Disorder. 3. 149-158.
Boone, M. L., McNeil, D. W., Masia, C. L., Turk, C. L., Carter, L. E., & Ries, B. J. (1999). Multimodal comparisons of social phobia subtypes and avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 13, 271-292.
Borkovec, T. D.. Newman, M. G., Pincus, A. L., & Lytle, R. (2002). A component analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder and the role of interpersonal problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 70, 288-298.
Brown, E. J., Heimberg, R. G., & Juster, H. R. (1995). Social phobia subtype and avoidant personality disorder: Effect on severity of social phobia, impairment, and outcome of cognitive -behavioral treatment. Behavior Therapy. 26, 467-486.
Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1994). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV. Albany, NY: Graywind Publication.
Feske, U., Perry, K. J., Chambless, D. L., Renneberg, B., & Goldstein, A. J. (1996). Avoidant personality disorder as predictor for severity and treatment outcome among generalized social phobics. Journal of Personality Disorder. 10, 174-184.
Gilbert, P. (2001). Evolution and social anxiety: The role of attraction, social competition, and social hierarchies. The Psychiatric Clinicians of North America. 24, 723–751.
Gorman, J. M., Liebowitz, M. R., Fyer, A. J., Campeas, R., & Klein, D. F. (1985). Treatment of social phobia with atenolol. Journal of Clinical sychopharmacology. 5, 298-301.
Gurtman, M. B. & Balakrishnan, J. D. (1998). Circular measurement redux: The analysis and interpretation of interpersonal circle profiles. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. 5, 344-360.
Gurtman, M. B. (1996). Interpersonal problems and the psychotherapy context: The construct validity of the inventory of interpersonal problems. Psychological Assessment. 8, 241-255.
Guy, W. (1976). ECDEU Assessment manual for psychopharmacology. Washington, DC: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Heimberg, R. G. (1991). Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Social Phobia in a Group Setting: A Treatment Manual(2nd ed.). Unpulbished manuscript availble from the center for Stress and Anxeity Disorder, Pine West Plaza, Buildling 4, Washington Avenue Extension, Albany, NY 12205.
Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., Schneier, F. R., Spitzer, R. L., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1993). The issue of subtypes in the diagnosis of social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 7, 249-269.
Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Dodge, C. S., & Becker, R. E. (1990). DSM-II1-R subtypes of social phobia: Comparison of generalized social phobics and public speaking social phobics. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 173, 172-179.
Herbert, J. D., Hope, D. A., & Bellack, A. S. (1992). Validity of the distinction between generalized social phobia and avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 101, 332-339.
Hofmann, S. G., & Roth, W. T. (1996). Issues related to social anxiety among controls in social phobia research. Behavior Therapy. 27, 79-91.
Hofmann, S. G., Heinrichs, N., & Moscovitch, D. A. (2004). The nature and expression of social phobia: Toward a new classification. Clinical Psychology Review. 24, 769-797.
Hofmann, S. G., Newman, M. G., Ehlers, A., & Roth, W. T. (1995). Psychophysiological differences between subtypes of social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 104, 224-231.
Holt, C. S., Heimberg, R. G., & Hope, D. A. (1990, November). Success form the onset: predictors of ognitive-behavioral therapy outcome among social phobics. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, San Francisco.
Hope, D. A., Herbert, J. D., & White, C. (1995). Diagnostic subtype, avoidant personality disorder and efficacy of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 19, 399-417.
Hopwood, C. J., Clarke, A. N., & Perez, M. (2007). Pathoplasticity of bulimic features and interpersonal problems. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 40, 652-658.
Horowitz, L. M., Rosenberg., S. E., Baer, B. A., Ureño, G., & Villaseñor, V. S., (1988). Inventory of interpersonal problems: psychometric properties and clinical applications. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 56, 885-892.
Kachin, K. E., Newman, M. G., & Pincus, A. L. (2001). An interpersonal problem approach to the division of social phobia subtypes. Behavior Therapy. 32, 479-501.
Krupnick, J. L., Goldberg, R. L., Weinfurt, K., & Spertus, I. (1995). A profile of social phobic patients based on the inventory of interpersonal problems. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, Vancouver, Canada.
Leary, T. (1957). Interpersonal diagnosis of personality: A functional theory and methodology for personality evaluation. New York: Ronald Press.
Levin, A. P., Saoud, J. B., Strauman, T. J., Gorman, J. M., Fyer, A. J., Crawford, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1993). Responses of ‘generalized’ and ‘discrete’ social phobics during public speaking. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 7, 202-221.
Liebowitz, M. R., Schneier, F., Campeas, R., Hollander, E., Hatterer, J., Fyer, A., Gorman, J., Papp, L., Davies, S., Gully, R., & Klein, D. F. (1992). Phenelzine vs. atenolol in social phobia: A placebo-controlled comparison. Archives of General Psychiatry. 49, 290-300.
Marks, I. M., & Gelder, M. G. (1966). Different ages of onset in varieties of phobias. American Journal of Psychiatry. 123, 218-221.
Moscovitch, D. A. (2009). What is the core feare in social phobia? a new model to facilitate individualized case conceptualization and treatment. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. 16, 123-134.
Salzer, S., Pincus, A. L., Hoyer, J., Kreische, R., Leichsenring, F., & Leibing, E. (2008). Interpersonal subtypes within generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment. 90, 292-299.
Slaney, R. B., Pincus, A. L., Uliazek, A. A., & Wang, K. T. (2006). Conceptions of perfectionism and interpersonal problems: Evaluating groups using the structural summary method for circumplex data. Assessment. 13, 138-153.
Stangier, U., Esser, F. Leber, S., Risch, A. K., & Heidenreich, T. (2006). Interpersonal problems in social phobia versus unipolar depression. Depression and Anxiety. 23, 418-421.
Stemberger, R. T., Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., & Calhoun, K. S. (1995). Social phobia: an analysis of possible developmental factors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 104, 526-531.
Trower, P., & Gilbert, P. (1989). New theoretical conceptions of social anxiety and social phobia. Clinical Psychology Review, 9, 19-35.
Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., & Wolff, P. L. (1994). A composite measure to determine improvement following treatment for social phobia: the Index of Social Phobia Improvement. Behavior Research and Therapy. 32, 471-476.
Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., & Townsley, R. M. (1992). Social phobia: A comparison of specific and generalized subtypes and avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 101, 326-331.
Widiger, T. A., & Hagemoser, S. (1997). Personality disorders and the interpersonal circumplex. In R. Plutchik & H. R. Conte (Ed.). Circumplex models of personality and emotion (pp.299-325). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Widiger, T. A., Verhuel, R., & van den Brink, W. (1999). Personality and psychopathology. In L. Pervin & O. E. John (Ed.). Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 347-366). New York: Guilford Press.
Wiggins, J. S., Phillips, N., & Trapnell, P. (1989). Circular reasoning about interpersonal behavior evidence concerning some untested assumptions underlying diagnostic classification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 56, 296-305.