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We performed a meta-analysis of existing research to determine differences in cognitive function between unipolar and bipolar mood disorder patients who had experienced a major depressive episode. We found seven relevant papers through a close review of academic databases. With respect to verbal memory, the number of words recollected from a list of words, which represented a subtest of a list learning test was employed as the dependent variable. Also, with regard to frontal-executive function, the number of generating words in the word fluency test, and the number of categories achieved in the Wisconsin card sorting test, which was designed to measure concept formation and set shifting ability were selected as dependent variables. The pooled effect of verbal memory was not significant and thus, there was no significant difference between the unipolar depression group and the bipolar depression group. In contrast, the pooled effect size related to verbal fluency was significant and thus, the unipolar depression group performed better than the bipolar depression group. The pooled effect size of higher-ranking cognitive abilities, such as the concept formation and conversion ability was significant and exceeded a moderate effect size level (d>0.40). Further, the homogeneity test was also significant. Thus it is difficult to conclude that differences existed between the two groups. The clinical implications of these results and inherent limitations of this research were also discussed.
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