E-ISSN : 2733-4538
Anxiety sensitivity is the fear of anxiety-related symptoms, arising from beliefs that the sensation has harmful physical, social, or psychological consequences. To measure anxiety sensitivity, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index(ASI) is commonly used. Several studies have show the relationship between depression and anxiety disorder assuming multidimensional structure. In this study, ASI, BDI, and BAI were administered to 611 adult males and females, who had been -diagnosed with depression and anxiety disorder, upon visiting the psychiatric clinic. Exploratory factor and Confirmatory factor analyses were employed to test competing models, and the results suggested that the hierarchical model(comprising three first-order factors corresponding to physical concern, social concern and cognition concern) provided the best fit to the data. This finding was consistent with the results of previous studies. The current study also investigated(using an ANCOVA) differences with respect to the three factors of anxiety sensitivity in four clinical groups of patients who had been diagnosed either with social anxiety disorder(n=101), panic disorder(n=145), generalized anxiety disorder(n=33) or depressive disorder(n=135) and had been free of comorbidity. Results indicated that physical concern was significantly higher in panic disorder patients compared with the other three groups, and that social concern was significantly higher in social anxiety disorder patients. Further, generalized anxiety disorder patients and depressive disorder patients had more cognitive concern than social anxiety disorder patients. The implications and limitations of this study were also discussed.
권석만 (1992). Differential roles of dysfunctional attitudes and automatic thoughts in depression: an integrated cognitive model of depression. Queenslan대학교 박사학위 논문.
배병렬 (2007). AMOS 7에 의한 구조방정식모델링. 서울: 도서출판 청람.
안준범, 김지혜, 강은호, 유범희 (2009). 불안장애 집단에 있어서 불안민감성의 차이. 대한신경정신의학, 48(4), 240-246.
원호택, 박현순, 권석만 (1995). 한국판 공황장애 척도 개발 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 14, 95-110.
유상우 (2001). 불안 장애의 최신지견과 M.I.N.I.의 소개. GSK Satelite Symposium 자료집. 롯데 호텔.
이영호, 송종용 (1991). BDI, SDS, MMPI-D 척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도에 대한 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 10, 98-113.
조용래 (2004). 한국판 불안민감성 지표의 요인구조: 위계적 모형에 대한 확인적 요인분석. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 23, 207-220.
황성훈, 유희정, 김환 (2001). 불안민감성의 개념과 작용에 대한 개관. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 20, 195-205.
홍세희 (2000). 구조방정식 모형의 적합도 지수 선정과 그 근거. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 19(1), 161-177.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(4th ed. Text Revision). Washington, DC: Author.
Asmundson, G. J., & Norton, G. R. (1993). Anxiety sensitivity and its relationship to spontaneous and cued panic attacks in college students. Behavior Research and Therapy, 31, 199-201.
Barlow, D. H. (2002). Anxiety and its disorders (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
Blais, M. A., Otto, M. W., Zucker, B. G., McNally, R. J., Schmidt, N. B., Fava, M., & Pollack, M. H. (2001). The Anxiety Sensitivity Index: Item analysis and suggestions for refinement. Journal of Personality Assessments, 77, 272-294.
Brown, M. H., & Barlow, D. H. (1992). Comorbidity among anxiety disorders: Implications for treatment and DSM-Ⅳ. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 835–844.
Cattell, R. B. (1978). The scientific use of factor analysis in the behavioral and life sciences. New York: Plenum.
Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M, Lievowitz, D. Hope, & F. Scheier(Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp.69-93). Guilford: New York.
Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Taylor, S. (2001). The effect of rumination as a mediator of elevated anxiety sensitivity in major depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 525-534.
Cox, B. J., Swinson, R. P., Endler, N. S., & Norton, G. R. (1994). The symptom structure of panic attacks. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 35, 349–353.
Deacon, B. J., Abramowitz, J. S., Woods, C. M., & Tolin, D. F. (2003). The anxiety sensitivity Index-Revised: Psychometric properties and factor structure in two nonclinical sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1427-1449.
Deacon, B. J., & Abramowitz, J. (2006). Anxiety sensitivity and its dimensions across the anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20, 837–857.
Floyd, M., Garfield, A., & LaSota, M. T. (2005). Anxiety sensitivity and worry. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 1223-1229.
Floyd, F. J., & Widaman, K. F. (1995). Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments. Psychological Assessment, 7, 286-299.
Grant, D. M., Beck, J. G., & Davila, J. (2007). Does anxiety sensitivity predict symptoms of panic, depression, and social anxiety? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2247-2255.
Kendler, K. S. (1996). Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder: same genes, (partly) different environments? revisited. British Journal of Psychiatry Supplement, 168(30), 68-75.
Maller, R. G., & Reiss, S. (1992). Anxiety sensitivity in 1984 and panic attacks in 1987. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 6, 241–247.
Mertler, C. A., & Vannatta, R. A. (2005). Advanced and multivariate statistical method: Practical application and interpretation(3thcd.). Glendale, CA:Pyrczak Publishing.
Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Harrington, H., Milne, B. J., Melchior, M., Goldberg, D., & Poulton, R. (2007). Generalized anxiety disorder and depression: childhood risk factors in a birth cohort followed to age 32. Psychological Medicine, 37(3), 441-452.
Otto, M. W., Pollack, M. H., Fava, M., Uccello, R., & Rosenbaum, J. F. (1995). Elevated anxiety sensitivity index scores in patients with major depression: Correlates and changes with antidepressant treatment. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 9, 117–123.
Peterson R. A., & Heilbronner, R. I. (1987). The Anxiety Sensitivity Index: Construct validity and factor analytic structure. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 1, 117-121.
Rector, N. A., Szacun-Shimizu, K., & Leybman, M. (2007). Anxiety sensitivity within the anxiety disorders: Disorder-specific sensitivities and depression comorbidity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1967-1975.
Reiss, S. (1987). Theoretical perspectives on the fear of anxiety. Clinical Psychology Review, 7, 585-596.
Reiss, S. (1991). Expectancy model of fear, anxiety and panic. Clinical Psychology Review, 11, 141-155.
Reiss, S., & McNally, R. J. (1985). The expectancy model of fear. In S. Reiss & R. R. Bootzin (Eds), Theoretical issues in behavior therapy(pp. 107-122). New York: Academic Press.
Reiss, S., Peterson, R. A., Gursky, M, & McNally, R. J. (1986). Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency and the prediction of fearfulness. Behavior Research and Therapy, 24, 1-8.
Rodriguez, B. F., Bruce, S. E., Pagano, M. E., Spencer, M. A., & Keller, M. B. (2004). Factor structure and stability of the anxiety sensitivity index in a longitudinal study of anxiety disorder patients. Behavior Research and Therapy, 42, 79–91.
Schmidt, N. B., Lerew, D. R., & Joiner, T. E. (1998). Anxiety sensitivity and the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression: Evidence for symptom specificity. Behavior Research and Therapy, 36, 165–177.
Smits, J. A., Cho, Y., Powers, M, & Telch, M. J. (2002). Mechanism of change in cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder: Evidence for fear of fear mediational hypothesis. Under review.
Taylor, S., & Cox, B. J. (1998). An expanded anxiety sensitivity index: evidence for a hierarchic structure in a clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 12, 463-483.
Taylor, S., Koch, W. J., McNally, R. J., & Crockett, D. J. (1992). Conceptualizations of anxiety sensitivity. Psychological Assessment, 4, 245-260.
Taylor, S., Koch, W. J., Woody, S., & McLean P. (1996). Anxiety sensitivity and depression: How are they related? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 474-479.
Wells, A. (2005). The metacognitive model of GAD: Assessment of meta-worry and relationship with DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 107–121.
Zinbarg, R. E., Barlow, D. H., & Brown, T. A. (1997). Hierarchical structure and general factor saturation of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index: Evidence and implications. 277-284.