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E-ISSN : 2733-4538
This study examined memory for anxiety and threat words in individuals exhibiting high and low levels of anxiety. Based on the theory of Cognitive Avoidance, it was hypothesized that highly-anxious participants would show impaired memory for threat-related words. To compare the activation and elaboration processing bias for threatening words and to investigate the selective effects of these information processes, not only in regard to threat-related words but for words referring to uncertainty, were included. Although anxious individuals have a tendency to interpret uncertain cues as threats, compared to threatening cues, uncertain cues are less intimidating so it was assumed that uncertain words would have a lower potential to cause cognitive avoidance. High anxious (n=44) and low anxious (n=44) participants, who had been screened from university students, conducted a free recall and recognition task on neutral, threatening, and uncertain words. Results indicated that the high anxious group recognized significantly less threatening words than the low anxious group. Further, the high anxious group also recognized significantly less neutral and threatening words than uncertain words whereas the low anxious group showed no difference with respect to word type. These results suggest that anxious individuals respond sensitively to both threat and uncertain cues in the initial stages of information processing (activation phase), but selectively inhibit later stage processing (elaboration phase) on threat cues only.
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