E-ISSN : 2733-4538
This study examined mediation effects of parenting between temperaments and internalizing/externalizing problems in adolescence and tested moderated mediation effects of parenting by gender using a phantom variable. A total of 1,608 middle school students participated in the study, and study variables were measured in 6-month intervals. Temperament was measured in Time 1, perceived parenting was measured in Time 2, and problem behaviors were measured in Time 3. In a relationship between harm avoidance and internalizing behavior, mediation effects of warmth and intrusion were significant in boys, and mediation effects of warmth, autonomy granting, and intrusion were significant in girls. Girls showed higher mediation effects of warmth. A relationship of novelty seeking and externalizing behavior was significantly mediated by warmth, autonomy granting, and intrusion in both boys and girls. However, girls showed higher mediation effects of warmth. This study clearly demonstrates a causal relationship of temperament, parenting, and problem behaviors in adolescence based on longitudinal data. It is apparent that mediation effects of parenting are moderated by gender. The results of this study were further discussed.
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