E-ISSN : 2733-4538
In the current study, a measurement that assesses academic initiation-procrastination(AIP) and completion- procrastination(ACP) was developed and the relationships among the two types of procrastination, impulsiveness, and perfectionism were explored. In study 1, a preliminary version of Academic Initiation- Completion Procrastination Scale(AICPS) was constructed. Data were collected from 151 undergraduate students, and exploratory factor analysis was performed. The result showed that, the scale was composed of two factors, and 18 items were selected for the final version of AICPS. In study 2, data collected from 296 undergraduate students were used for analysis of reliability and validity of AICPS. AICPS demonstrated an adequate level of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Two-factor structure was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity was verified through correlation tests among AICPS, Aitken's Procrastination Scale (API), Korean version of CES-D, and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES). In study 3, the effects of impulsiveness and perfectionism on academic procrastination were investigated. As a result of regression analysis, impulsiveness explained AIP whereas perfectionism did not. On the other hand, the influence of perfectionism on ACP was greater than that of impulsiveness. The implication, limitation, and suggestions for future study are discussed.
김지영 (2005). 충동성, 자기효능감이 초등학생의 지연행동에 미치는 영향. 숙명여자대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.
김현정 (2003). 완벽주의, 충동성, 자기효능감, 및 실패공포가 지연행동에 미치는 영향. 고려대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.
김희정 (2010). 능동-수동 지연행동에 관련되는 심리적 특성 및 정서적 고통. 가톨릭대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.
박재우 (1998). 과제의 자아위협도와 완벽주의가 과제 지연행동에 미치는 영향. 고려대학교 석사학위논문.
박현주, 정대용 (2010). 완벽주의 하위집단의 특징: 지연행동, 문제해결 평가, 대인관계 문제를 중심으로. 상담학연구, 11(3), 975- 991.
심혜원 (1995). 완벽주의 성향이 정신 건강에 미치는 영향. 이화여자대학교 석사학위논문.
이미라, 오경자 (2009). 완벽주의 성향과 학업동기 수준이 학업적 지연행동에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회: 임상, 28(2), 363-377.
이수민 (2011). 완벽주의, 스트레스 반응, 학업적 자기효능감이 학업지연행동에 미치는 영향. 경상대학교 대학원 석사학위 논문.
이순묵 (2000). 요인분석의 기초. 서울: 교육과학사.
이정아, 현명호 (2009). 만성 지연행동과 적응. 스트레스연구, 17, 199-207.
이현수 (1992). 충동성검사. 서울: 한국가이던스.
이훈진, 원호택 (1995). 편집증적 경향, 자기개념, 자의식간의 관계에 대한 탐색적 연구. 한국심리학회 ‘95 연차대회 학술발표논문집, 277-290.
임성문 (2006). 각성형과 회피형의 만성적 지연행동 측정: Ferrari가 제안한 방법은 타당한가? 한국심리학회지: 일반, 25(2), 91-102.
전겸구, 최상진, 양병창 (2001). 통합적 한국판 CES-D 개발. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 6, 59- 76.
채숙희 (1997). 완벽주의 성향 및 주의 방향이 수행불안과 인지적 방해에 미치는 영향. 전남대학교 석사학위논문.
현진원 (1992). ‘완벽주의’ 성향과 평가 수준이 과제수행에 미치는 영향. 연세대학교 석사학위논문.
홍세희 (2000). 구조방정식 모형의 적합도 지수 선정기준과 그 근거. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 19, 161-178.
Aitken, M. (1982). A personality profile of the college student procrastinator. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.
Barratt, E. S. (1959). Anxiety and impulsiveness related to psychomotor efficiency. Perceptual and Motor Skill, 9, 191-198.
Barratt, E. S. (1985). Impulsiveness subtracts: Arousal and information processing. In Spence, J. T., & Irard, C. E.(Eds), Motivation, emotion and personality. New York: Elsevier Science.
Browne, M. W. & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21, 230-258.
Burka, J. B. & Yuen, L. M. (2008). 미룸: 달콤한, 그러나 치명적인 습관 [Procrastination]. (윤상운 역). 서울: 넥서스BIZ. (원전은 1983에 출판).
Chu, A. H. C. & Choi, J. N. (2005). Rethinking procrastination: Positive effects of “active” procrastination behavior on attitudes and performance. The Journal of Social Psychology, 145, 245-264.
Costello, A. B. & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 10, 1-9.
Dewitte, S. & Schouwenburg, H. C. (2002). Procrastination, temptations, and incentives: The struggle between the present and the future in procrastinators and the punctual. European Journal of Personality, 16, 469-489.
Dunn, O. J. & Clark, V. (1969). Correlation coefficients measured on the same individuals. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 64, 366-377.
Ellis, A. & Knaus, W. J. (1977). Overcoming procrastination. New York: Institute for Rational Living.
Fee, R. L. & Tangney, J. P. (2000). Procrastination: A means of avoiding shame or guilt?. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15, 167-184.
Ferrari, J. R. (1992). Procrastinators and perfect behavior: An exploratory factor analysis of self-presentation, self-awareness, and self- handicapping components. Journal of Research in Personality, 26, 75-84.
Ferrari, J. R. (1993). Procrastination and impulsivity: Two sides of a coin? In W. McCown, M. B. Shure, & J. Johnson (Eds.), The impulsive client: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 265-271). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Ferrari, J. R. (2001). Procrastination as self- regulation failure of performance: Effects of cognitive load, self-awareness, and time limits on “working best under pressure”. European Journal of Personality, 15, 391-406.
Ferrari, J. R. & Emmons, R. A. (1995). Methods of procrastination and their relation to self- control and self-reinforcement: An exploratory study. Journal of Social Behaviour and Personality, 15, 185-196.
Ferrari, J. R., Johnson, J. L, & McCown, W. G. (1995). Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research, and treatment. New York: Plennum Press.
Ferrari, J. R., & McCown, W. (1994). Procrastination tendencies among obsessive- compulsives and their relatives. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50, 162-167.
Frost, R. O., Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., Mattia, J. I., & Neubauer, A. L. (1993). A comparison of two measures of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 119-126.
Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C. M., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 74, 449-468.
Hamacheck, D. E. (1978). Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism. Journal of Human Behavior, 13, 27-33.
Hammer, C. A. (2002). Differential incidence of procrastination between blue- and white-collar workers. Current Psychology, 34, 73-83.
Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., & Blankstein, K. R. (1991). Perfectionism and neuroticism in psychiatric patients and college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 273-279.
Hoyle, R. H. & Panter, A. T. (1995). Writing about structural equation models. In R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 158-176). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Johnson, J. & Bloom, M. (1995). An analysis of the contribution of the five factors of personality to variance in academic procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 127-133.
Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
Lay, C. H. (1987). A modal profile analysis of procrastinators: A search for types. Personality and Individual Differences, 8, 705-714.
Lay, C. H. (1995). Trait procrastination, agitation, dejection, and self-discrepancy. In J. R. Ferrari, J. L. Johnson, & McCown (Eds.), Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 97-112). NY: Plenum Press.
Marsh, H. W., Bella, J. R., & Hau, K. T. (1996). An evaluation of incremental fit indices: A clarification of mathematical and empirical properties. In G. A. Marcoulides & R. E. Schumarker (Eds.), Advanced structural equation modeling (pp. 315-353). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
McCown, W. & Johnson, J. (1991). Personality and chronic procrastination by students during an academic examination period. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 662-667.
McCown, W., Johnson, J., & Petzel, T. (1989). Procrastination, a principal components analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 197- 202.
Milgram, N. (1991). Procrastination. In R. Dulbecco (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human biology (Vol. 6, pp. 149-155). New York: Academic Press.
Milgram, N., May-Tal, G., & Levison, Y. (1998). Procrastination, generalized or specific, in college students and their parents. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 297-316.
Missidine, H. (1963). Your inner child of the past. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Pacht, A. R. (1984). Reflections on perfection. American Psychologist, 39, 386-390.
Pychyl, T. A., Lee, J. M., Thibodeau, T., & Blunt, A. (2000). Five days of emotion: An experience sampling study of undergraduate student procrastination. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15, 239-254.
Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self- report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Sadler, C. D. & Sacks, L. A. (1993). Multidimentional perfectionism and academic procrastination: Relationships with depression in university students. Psychological Reports, 73, 863-871.
Solomon, L. J. & Rothblum, E. D. (1984). Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 503-509.
Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., Skodol, A. E., Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (1989). DSM-III-R casebook: A learning companion to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 65-94.
Tice, D. M. & Baumeister, R. F. (1997). Longintudinal study of procrastination, performance, stress, and health: The costs and benefits of dawdling. Psychological Science, 8, 454-458.
Tuckman, B. W. (1991). The development and concurrent validation of the Procrastination Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 51, 473-480.