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E-ISSN : 2733-4538
본 연구의 목적은 한국인을 대상으로 연령, 교육수준, 성별과 기억기능의 관련성을 살펴보는 것이었다. 이를 위해 16-69세의 건강한 한국인 736명에게 언어기억검사인 Auditory Verbal Learning Test와 도형기억검사인 Complex Figure Test를 실시하였다. 자료 분석에서는 인구통계학적 변인간의 혼입을 통제하기 위하여 공변량분석을 사용하였고, 기억기능의 영역과 과정에 따른 차별성을 살펴보기 위해 짝점수 분석을 시행하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 연령에 따른 차이는 세 변인들 중 가장 현저하였으며 연령이 높을수록 기억기능이 낮았다. 연령에 따른 기억기능 약화는 언어기억 중에서 시간지연이 긴 조건이나, 인출책략이 필요한 조건에서 더 현저하였다. 둘째, 교육수준에 따른 차이는 연령 다음으로 현저하였으며 교육수준이 높을수록 기억기능이 높았다. 교육수준과 기억기능의 연관성은 언어기억보다는 도형기억에서 더 뚜렷하였고, 도형기억 중에서는 인출책략이 필요한 조건에서 더 뚜렷하였다. 셋째, 성별에 따른 차이는 언어기억에 한정되었으며 여성이 남성보다 우세하였다. 언어기억 중에서는 인출책략이 필요한 조건에서 여성의 우세가 더 현저하였다. 결론적으로, 한국인의 기억기능은 연령, 교육수준, 성별에 따른 차이가 있으며, 이러한 차이는 기억기능의 영역과 과정에 따라 차별화되는 부분이 있다. 본 연구의 주요 의의는 청소년 초기에서 노년 초기에 이르는 대규모의 한국인 표집에서 기억기능을 분석한 점이다. 또한 측정치별 단순 비교에 그치지 않고 여러 짝점수를 구성하여 차별성을 분석한 점도 중요한 의의가 있다.
The aim of the current study was to investigate whether and how memory functions of Koreans are related to their age, education, and gender. To this end, we tested a large number of healthy Korean participants (N=736) aged 16-69 years using two memory scales. One was a verbal memory scale called Auditory Verbal Learning Test and the other was a visuospatial memory scale called Complex Figure Test. The obtained data were subject to multiple analyses of covariance and multiple paired-scores analyses. The results indicated three main findings. First, age accounted for the largest variance in memory scores. The effects of age on verbal memory scores were greater in the condition associated with longer delay and the condition associated with strategic retrieval. Second, education accounted for the second largest variance. The effects of education were greater in visuospatial than verbal memory domain and, within visuospatial domain, greater in the condition associated with strategic retrieval. Third, the effects of gender were restricted to verbal memory scores and indicated superiority of females over males. This gender effect was greater in the condition associated with strategic retrieval. In conclusion, memory functions of Koreans are related to their age, education and gender and these relationships differ, in part, as a function of which memory domain or process is measured. A main value of the current study lies in use of a large Korean sample that includes adolescents, adults, and older adults. Another main value lies in the construction of several paired scores and their systematic analyses.
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