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E-ISSN : 2733-4538
정서조절의 실패, 즉 정서 불안정성은 우울을 설명하는 핵심적인 기제 중 하나이다. 선행 연구에서 정서 불안정성은 주로 정서 변산성과 정서변화 저항성으로 구분되는데, 전자는 분산(variance)을 통해, 후자는 자기상관(autocorrelation)을 통해 산출된다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 지표들이 우울한 개인의 정서 불안정성을 제대로 반영하고 있는지에 대한 질문에 답하기 위해 경험표집법(experience sample method)을 통해 수집된 자료를 분석하여 해당 지표를 산출하고, 나아가 정서 불안정성을 반영하는 또 다른 지표인 계차제곱평균(Mean Square Successive Difference, MSSD)을 추가적으로 산출하여 이를 비교하는 것을 주된 목적으로 하였다. 또한 기존의 연구에서 주로 강조된 정서의 유인가(valence)에 더하여 각성가(arousal)의 차원까지 고려하여 우울과 관련된 정서 불안정성의 특징을 보다 포괄적으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 우울 성향을 보이는 집단(25명)과 그렇지 않은 집단(24명)의 참가자에게 긍정-각성(예: 행복한, 유쾌한), 긍정-비각성(예: 평온한, 편안한), 부정-각성(예: 짜증난, 불안한), 부정-비각성(예: 우울한, 피곤한)의 차원에서 자신의 기분을 하루에 5번씩 7일 연속으로 7점 척도 상에 보고하도록 하였다. 집단 간 차이 검증의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 분산을 통해 측정된 정서 변산성의 경우, 우울 집단이 비우울 집단보다 유인 및 각성 변산성과 질적 변산성에서는 높은 수준을 보였으나 강도 변산성에서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 둘째, 자기상관을 통해 측정된 정서변화 저항성의 경우, 유인 및 각성 차원에서 모두 차이를 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 계차제곱평균을 통해 측정된 불안정성의경우, 우울 집단은 비우울 집단보다 유인 및 각성 차원에서 모두 높은 수준을 보였다. 본 연구는 우울증의 주요 특징인 정서 불안정성을 살펴보기 위해 유인가와 각성가를 모두 고려하여 분산, 자기상관 및 계차제곱평균을 비교하고 우울과 관련된 정서조절의 특징을 통합적으로 분석하였다는 데에 의의가 있다. 마지막으로 연구의 제한점 및 후속 연구의 방향을 제안하였다.
Depressive disorders are known to be closely related to emotional dysregulation and therefore, emotional instability. Previous studies suggested that emotional instability can be characterized by two components, emotional variability and emotional inertia, the indice of which are emotional variability and emotional inertia, respectively, but there have been few studies which comprehensively examined emotional instability of depressed individuals. The current study, by utilizing experience sampling method, aimed to compare variance and autocorrelation with the Mean Square Successive Difference, a newly introduced index of emotional instability reflecting both variability and inertia of emotion. In addition, this study aimed to examine the dynamics of emotional instability with respect to activation dimension as well as valence dimension of emotion. For this purpose, 25 participants with depression and 24 non-depressed participants were asked to rate their positive-activated (happy, pleasant), positive-deactivated (calm, comfortable), negative-activated (irritated, anxious), and negative-deactivated (depressed, tired) emotional states, five times a day for seven consecutive days. The results of the independent sample t-tests were as follows: First, participants with depression displayed higher valence variability, activation variability, and spin compared with non-depressed individuals, while no significant group difference in pulse was found. Second, there was no significant group difference in valence and activation of emotional inertia. Third, the depressed group showed significantly higher scores in valence and activation of mean successive difference, compared with the non-depressed group. The current study is significant with respect to the synthetically analyzed dynamics of emotional instability by comparing three major indexes including variance, autocorrelation, and mean square successive difference, as well as by considering two dimensions of emotion.
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