The role of self-regulation in the informant discrepancies in assessing children's psychological problems
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between informant discrepancies of children's psychological problems and self-regulation of children. A total of 418 elementary school students participated in this study and completed a questionnaire assessing their self-regulation. Psychological problems were assessed by the participants' parents and teachers. Using cluster analyses, the groups with greater and lower levels of self-regulation were defined. Correlation analyses and Fishers' z test were conducted to calculate the consensus of the parent and teacher ratings and compare the differences in their consensus between groups with greater and lower level of self-regulation. The results showed that the informant discrepancies were greater in the group with a higher level of self-regulation than in the group with a lower level of self-regulation. Subsequently, the same procedure was performed with subgroups that were distinguished by the severity of problems measured by CBCL and TRF, respectively. The subsequent analyses with the groups experiencing greater severity defined by CBCL or TRF failed to find significant correlation between CBCL and TRF regardless of the level of self-regulation. However, the analyses performed with the groups having less severe problems on the ratings of CBCL or TRF indicated possible interaction effect between the rating type used to define the problem severity and the level of self-regulation on CBCL-TRF correlation. The implications and limitations were discussed.
- keywords
- informant discrepancies, children's psychological problems, self-regulation, 자기조절능력, 부모 교사 평정 일치도
Reference
김하정 (1998). 아동의 문제행동에 대한 부모와 교사간의 평정 일치도. 성신여자대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.
노현미, 최외선, 박인전 (2009). 아동의 자기조절능력이 친구관계 및 학교적응에 미치는 영향. 한국가정관리학회지, 27(2), 281-292.
박호선 (2002). 유아의 기질 및 어머니의 양육방식과 유아의 자기조절행동발달간의 관계.
송수미, 김재환 (2002). ADHD 및 우울/불안장애 아동의 문제행동에 대한 부모-교사간 평정 일치도. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 21(4), 859-869.
이경님 (2004). 아동의 개인 및 가족변인과 교실의 심리사회적 환경 변인이 자기통제에 미치는 영향. 한국생활과학회지, 13(6), 833-845
신현숙, 박용재, 박주희, 류정희 (2006). 교사보고형 초등학생 학교적응행동 평정척도의 개발과 타당도 검증. 한국심리학회지:학교, 3(2), 1-26.
안미경 (1997). 아동의 자기조절능력 및 기질과 어머니의 양육 행동 간의 관계. 서울여자대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.
정계민, 구강민 (2009). 유아의 주의력결핍과잉 행동 특성에 대한 어머니와 교사 간 평정 일치도 연구. 열린유아교육연구, 14(2), 317 -338.
정은선 (2005). 주의력 결핍 과잉행동장애 (ADHD) 아동에 대한 부모와 교사간의 평정 일치도 연구. 서울교육대학교 교육대학 원 초등교육학과 초등상담교육전공 석사 학위논문.
허정경 (2004). 학령기 아동의 자기조절능력 척도 개발과 관련 변인 연구. 숙명여자대학교대학원 아동복지학과 아동복지전공 박사학위논문.
Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987). Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of crossinformant correlations for situational specificity. Psychological Bulletin, 101(2), 213–232.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Bartels, M., Boomsma, D. I., Hudziak, J. J., van Beijsterveldt, T. C. E. M., & van den Oord, E. J. C. G. (2007). Twins and the study of rater (dis)agreement. Psychological Methods, 12(4), 451–466.
Braaten, E. B., Biederman, J., DiMauro, A., Mick, E., Monuteaux, M. C., Muehl, K., et al. (2001). Methodological complexities in the diagnosis of major depression in youth: An analysis of mother and youth self-reports. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 11(4), 395-407.
Briggs-Gowan, M. J., Carter, A. S., & Schwab -Stone, M. (1996). Discrepancies among mother, child, and teacher reports: Examining the contributions of maternal depression and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24(6), 749-765.
Chi, T. C., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2002). Mother-child relationships of children with ADHD: The role of maternal depressive symptoms and depression-related distortions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30(4), 387–400.
Choudhury, M. S., Pimentel, S. S., & Kendall, P. C. (2003). Childhood anxiety disorders: Parent – child (dis)agreement using a structured interview for the DSM–IV. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(8), 957-964.
Christensen, A., Margolin, G., & Sullaway, M. (1992). Inter-parental agreement on child behavior problems. Psychological Assessment, 4(4), 419-425.
Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
De Los Reyes, A., & Kazdin, A. E. (2005). Informant discrepancies in the assessment of childhood psychopathology: A critical review, theoretical framework, and recommendations for further study. Psychological Bulletin, 131(4), 483–509.
Duhig, A. M., Renk, K., Epstein, M. K., & Phares, V. (2000). Inter-parental agreement on internalizing, externalizing, and total behavior problems: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 7(4), 435-453.
Engel, N. A., Rodrigue, J. R., & Geffken, G. R. (1994). Parent–child agreement on ratings of anxiety in children. Psychological Reports, 75(3), 1251-1260.
Foley, D., Rutter, M., Pickles, A., Angold, A., Maes, H., Silberg, J., et al. (2004). Informant disagreement for separation anxiety disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(4), 452-460.
Frick, P. J., Silverthorn, P., & Evans, C. (1994). Assessment of childhood anxiety using structured interviews: Patterns of agreement among informants and association with maternal anxiety. Psychological Assessment, 6(4), 372-379.
Grills, A. E., & Ollendick, T. H. (2002). Issues in parent– child agreement: The case of structured diagnostic interviews. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 5(1), 57-83.
Hair, J., & Black, W. (2000). Cluster analysis. In L. G. Grim & P. R. Yarnold (Eds.), Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics (pp.147-205). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Hawley, K. M., & Weisz, J. R. (2003). Child, parent, and therapist (dis)agreement on target problems in outpatient therapy: The therapist’s dilemma and its implications. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(1), 62-70.
Hay, D. F., Pawlby, S., Sharp, D., Schmu¨cker, G., Mills, A., Allen, H., et al. (1999). Parents’ judgments about young children’s problems: Why mothers and fathers might disagree yet still predict later outcomes. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 40(8), 1249-1258.
Karoly, Paul(1993). Mechanisms of self-regulation: a systems view. Annual review of Psychology, 44(1), 23-52.
Kendall, P. C., & Wilcox, L. E. (1979). Self-control in children: Developmental of a rating scale. Journal of Consulting and Psychology, 47(6), 1020-1029.
Kochanska, G., Murray, K., Jacques, T. Y., Koeing, A. L., & Vandegeest, K. A. 1996). Inhibitory control in young children and its role in emerging internalization. Child Development, 67(2), 490-507.
Kolko, D. J., & Kazdin, A. E. (1993). Emotional /behavioral problems in clinic and nonclinic children: Correspondence among child, parent, and teacher reports. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 34(6), 991-1006.
Kopp, C. B. (1982). Regulation of distress and negative emotions: A developmental view. Developmental Psychology, 25(3), 343-354.
Krain, A. L., & Kendall, P. C. (2000). The role of parental emotional distress in parent report of child anxiety. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29(3), 328-335.
Ines, T. M., & Sacco, W. P. (1992). Factors related to correspondence between teacher ratings of elementary student depression and student self-ratings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(1), 140-142.
Ivens, C., & Rehm, L. P. (1988). Assessment of childhood depression: Correspondence between reports by child, mother, and father. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(6), 738-741.
MacLeod, R. J., McNamee, J. E., Boyle, M. H., Offord, D. R., & Friedrich, M. (1999). Identification of childhood psychiatric disorder by informant: Comparisons of clinic and community samples. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(2), 144-150.
Mischel, W., & Mischel, H. N. (1983). The development of children's knowledge of self-control strategies. Child Development, 54(3), 603-619.
Offord, D. R., Boyle, M. H., Racine, Y., Szatmari, P., Fleming, J. E., Sanford, M., et al. (1996). Integrating assessment data from multiple informants. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(8), 1078-1085.
Richters, J. E. (1992). Depressed mothers as informants about their children: A critical review of the evidence for distortion. Psychological Bulletin, 112(3), 485-499.
Sullivan, J. (1998). Dimensions of classroom environment as related to student's self-control and academic self-concept. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The City University of New York.
Touliatos, J., & Lindholm, B. W. (1981). Congruence of parents’ and teachers’ ratings of children’s behavior problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 9(3), 347-354.
Treutler, C. M., & Epkins, C. C. (2003). Are discrepancies among child, mother, and father reports on children’'s behavior related to parents’ psychological symptoms and aspects of parent-child relationships? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31(1), 13-27.
Verhulst, F. C., Althaus, M., & Berden, G. F. (1987). The Child Assessment Schedule: Parent-child agreement and validity measures. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 28(3), 455-466.
Verhulst, F. C., & Akkerhuis, G. W. (1989). Agreement between parent's and teacher's ratings of behavioral/emotional problems of children aged 4-12. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 30(1), 123-136.
Yeh, M., & Weisz, J. R. (2001). Why are we here at the clinic? Parent–child (dis) agreement on referral problems at outpatient treatment entry. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(6), 1018-1025.
Youngstrom, E. A., Izard, C., & Ackerman, B. (1999). Dysphoria-related bias in maternal ratings of children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(6), 905-916.
Youngstrom, E., Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2000). Patterns and correlates of agreement between parent, teacher, and male adolescent ratings of externalizing and internalizing problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(6), 1038-1050.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations