정서조절의 곤란이 다양한 정신병리의 발생 및 유지기제로서 조명되는 가운데, 부정정서 뿐 아니라 긍정정서의 조절곤란이 주목을 받고 있다. 이를 측정하는 자기보고척도 중 하나가 긍정정서 반응척도(Responses to Positive Affect Questionnaire: RPA)이다. 본 연구는 기분장애 평가를 위한 RPA의 타당도를 개량하기 위해 강한 긍정정서에 대한 진화(鎭火) 반응을 반영하는 5개의 문항을 추가하여 확장판 RPA를 개발하고, 그 구성 및 증분 타당도를 검증하고자 한다. 사이버대학생 525명(표집 A 178, 표집 B 120, 표집 C 227명)이 온라인으로 연구에 참여하였다. 표집 A와 표집 B를 합한 표본(N=298)을 대상으로 탐색적 요인분석 및 탐색적 구조방정식 모형(ESEM)을 적용한 결과, 기존 RPA에서 확인된 2개 요인(긍정반추, 찬물끼얹기)에 더해서 추가된 5문항이 또 다른 요인(강한 긍정정서 진화하기)으로 묶여져, 3요인 구조가 얻어졌다. 표집 C를 대상으로 한 확인적 요인분석에서도 3요인 모형의 적합도는 적절한 것으로 지지되었다. 확장판 RPA가 기존판에 비해서 관련 병리를 설명할 때 추가 공헌을 하는지를 살피기 위해 긍정정서 조절곤란 척도(DERS-PA), 기분 장애 질문지(MDQ), 알트만 자기 평정 조증 척도(ASRM) 및 역학연구 우울척도(CES-D) 각각을 종속측정치로, 1차로 RPA 원판이, 2차로 추가된 문항세트가 투입되는 위계적 회귀분석을 하였다. 그 결과, 긍정정서 조절곤란을 설명할 때 추가 문항 세트가 기존 RPA의 설명량을 넘어서는 유의한 공헌을 하여서 확장판 RPA의 증분 타당도가 지지되었다. MDQ로 측정된 (경)조증의 과거력에 대해서는 추가 문항 세트가 증분타당도를 나타냈으나, ASRM으로 측정된 현재의 (경)조증 증상에 대해서는 추가적 설명력을 가지지 못하였다. 우울 증상에 대해서는 예측한 대로 추가 문항 세트의 설명력이 유의하지 않았다. 끝으로 본 연구의 임상적 의미와 한계, 후속 연구의 방향을 제시하였다.
While difficulty with emotional regulation is well-known to be one of the mechanisms contributing to onset and maintenance of various mental disorders, difficulties in controlling both positive and negative emotions are also gaining attention. One of the self-reporting measures of difficulty in controlling positive emotions is the Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire (RPA). This study aimed to develop an extended version of the RPA by adding five questions reflecting dampening of strong positive emotion and intended to confirm its construct and incremental validity. The application of the exploratory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation model (ESEM) to 298 cyber university students resulted in a three-factor structure for the extended RPA: positive rumination, dampening, and extinguishing strong positive emotion (the 5 additional questions comprised this factor). After performing confirmatory factor analysis in the separate sample of 227 cyber university students, the suitability of the three-factor model was deemed appropriate. We also performed a hierarchical regression analysis to see if the extended RPA contributed to the explanation of the mechanism of the pathology above the previous version. As a result, the 'extinguishing strong positive emotion’ subscale made a significant additional contribution to the explanation of bipolar disorder and difficulty in controlling positive emotions beyond the existing RPA, supporting an incremental validity. Finally, this study’s clinical implications and limitations were presented, as well as suggested directions for follow-up research.
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