본 연구의 목적은 꾀병집단, 유사외상집단 및 통제집단을 대상으로 암묵기억 과제와 외상 후 스트레스 장애(PTSD) 증상과 긍정 및 부정 정서에 대한 주관적 보고에서 수행 차이를 비교하는 것이었다. 본 연구는 3⨯(2)⨯(2) 혼합 설계로서 처치 조건(PTSD 꾀병, 유사외상, 통제)은 피험자 간 요인으로, 단어어간완성검사에서 단어의 정서성(외상 단어, 중립 단어) 및 친숙성(고, 저)은 피험자 내 요인으로 설정하였다. 참여자는 각 집단마다 30명씩으로 구성된 대학생 90명이었다. 참여자는 먼저 단어어간완성과제를 수행하였고, 그 다음으로 일련의 자기보고식 검사를 실시하였다. 집단 간 차이를 분석한 결과, 꾀병집단은 유사외상집단과 통제집단보다 부정 정서 점수가 더 높게 나타났으며, 긍정 정서 점수는 더 낮게 나타났다. 처치 × 단어의 친숙성의 이원 상호작용이 유의하게 나타났다. 친숙성이 높은 단어에 대한 점화율에서 세 집단 간 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 꾀병집단과 통제집단은 친숙성이 낮은 단어의 점화율에서 차이가 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 처치 × 단어의 정서성의 이원 상호작용이 유의하게 나타났다. 중립 단어에 대한 점화율에서 세 집단 간 차이는 유의하지 않았으나, 꾀병집단과 통제집단은 외상 단어에 대한 점화율에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 PTSD 꾀병을 탐지하는 데 있어 암묵기억 과제가 사용될 수 있다는 가능성을 시사한다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 한계점과 후속연구를 위한 제언이 논의되었다.
The purpose of this study was to compare the performance in implicit memory task and several subjective reports measuring symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and positive and negative affects among a PTSD malingering group, an analogue trauma group and a control group. A 3×2×2 mixed-design method was used. Group (malingered PTSD vs. analogue trauma vs. control) was between-subjects factor and word emotionality (trauma vs. neutral words) and word familiarity (high vs. low) in word-stem completion task were within-subjects factors. The participants were 90 college students, comprising 30 individuals per group. Participants initially performed a word-stem completion task and then completed the self-report measures. The results showed that malingering subjects scored significantly higher in the negative emotions than for analogue trauma and control subjects. Significant two-way interactions were found for group × word familiarity and group × word emotionality. These results suggest that implicit memory tasks can be used in the detection of PTSD malingering. The limitations of this study are discussed along with suggestions for further research.
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