E-ISSN : 2733-4538
The aims of this study were to examine the relationships among mindfulness, trait anger and irrational beliefs and to determine the relative contributions of sub-factors of mindfulness to trait anger and irrational beliefs. In addition, we investigated whether mindfulness uniquely contributed to trait anger after controlling for irrational beliefs. We asked 297 college students to complete questionnaires including the Mindfulness Scale(Park, 2005), Irrational Belief Test(Jones, 1969) and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-Korean version(STAXI-K). The results were as follows; The correlation analysis showed statistically significant negative correlations between mindfulness and trait anger, and between mindfulness and irrational beliefs. Simultaneous multiple regression analyses demonstrated that concentration, non-judgmental acceptance, and de-centered attention exhibited a significantly negative contribution to trait anger, and that de-centered attention exhibited a negatively contribution to overall irrational beliefs. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that mindfulness uniquely contributed to trait anger after controlling for irrational beliefs. Finally, we discussed the implications and limitations of this study and provided suggestions for future studies.
고경희 (2000). 특성분노, 분노표현 양식과 비합리적 신념. 이화여자대학교 석사학위청구논문.
고영인 (1994). 대학생의 분노 표현양식과 우울 및 공격성과의 관계. 부산대학교 박사학위청구논문.
김정호 (2004a). 마음챙김이란 무엇인가? 마음챙김의 임상적 및 일상적 적용을 위한 제언. 한국심리학회지: 건강 9(2), 511-538.
김정호 (2004b). 마음챙김명상의 유형과 인지행동치료적 함의. 한국인지행동치료학회지, 4(2), 27-44.
문현미 (2005). 인지행동치료의 제 3 동향. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 17(1), 5-33.
박성현 (2006). 마음챙김 척도 개발. 가톨릭대학교 박사학위청구논문.
서수균 (2004). 분노와 관련된 인지적 요인과 그 치료적 함의. 서울대학교 박사학위청구논문.
서수균, 권석만 (2005). 비합리적 신념, 자동적 사고 및 분노의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 24(2). 327-339.
서지영 (1995). 특성분노의 반응 양식과 이에 영향을 주는 제변인. 고려대학교 석사학위청구논문.
염승훈 (2008). 분노수용집단 개발 및 효과 검증 -ACT 모델을 중심으로. 아주대학교. 석사학위청구논문.
용홍출 (2007). 마음챙김 명상에 기초한 인지치료의 효과 -장애아동 어머니의 심리적 특성변화를 중심으로-. 대구대학교 박사학위청구논문.
이영순, 이현림, 천성문 (2000). 신경증적 비행청소년의 분노조절을 위한 인지행동적 집단치료 효과. 한국심리학회지: 상담, 12, 53-82
이용선 (2006). 알아차림 명상이 우울, 상위인지적 자각, 역기능적 신념에 미치는 영향. 부산대학교 석사학위청구논문.
전겸구 (2007). 똑똑하게 화를 다스리는 법. 파주: 21세기 북스.
전겸구, 한덕웅, 이장호, Spielberger, C. D. (1997). 한국판 STAXI 척도 개발: 분노와 혈압. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 2. 60-78.
정선화 (2004). 특성분노를 보이는 여대생들의 인지 행동적 치료 효과. 덕성여자대학교 석사학위청구논문.
조용래 (2003). AABT 제 37차 연차학술대회 참관기. 인지행동치료, 3(1), 93-98.
조용래 (2008). 시험불안에서 상위인지의 역할: 우울수준, 실수에 대한 완벽주의적 염려, 학습기술 및 학업적 자기 효능감의 영향을 넘어서. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 27(3). 709-726.
조현진 (2003). 마음챙김명상이 흡연중학생의 금연과 심리적 특성에 미치는 효과. 덕성여자대학교. 석사학위청구논문.
천성문, 김경순, 김정남 (2006). 호흡명상이 신경증적 고등학생의 분노와 집착에 미치는 영향. 제주대학교 직업능력개발원 학생생활연구, 27(1), 125-144.
최정훈, 이정윤 (1994). 사회적 불안에서의 비합리적 신념과 상황요인. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 5, 1-12.
Astin, J, A. (1997). Stress reduction through mindfulness meditation: Effects on Psychological symptomatology, sense of control, and spiritual experiences. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 66(2), 97-106.
Baer, R. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 125-142.
Beck, R., & Fernandez, E. (1998). Cognitive- behavioral therapy in the treatment of anger: a meta-analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22, 63-74.
Carlson, L., Speca, M., Patel, K., & Goodey, E. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction in relation to quality of ife, mood, symptoms of stress and levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEAS) and melatonin in breast and prostate cancer outpatients. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29(4), 448-474.
Deffenbacher, J. L., & Hogg, J. A. (1986). Irrational beliefs, depression, and anger among college students. Journal of College Student Personnel, 27, 349-353.
Deffenbacher, J. L., & McKay, M. (2000). Overcoming situational and general anger. Oakland: New Harbinger.
Deffenbacher, J. L., & Zwemer, E. A. (1984). Irrational beliefs, anger, and anxiety. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 391-393.
Douglas, F. B. (1991). Anger and irrational beliefs in violent inmates. Personality & Individual Differences, 12, 211-215.
Eifert, G. H., Mckay, M., Forsyth, J. P. (2006). ACT on Life not on Anger. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications(분노의 갑옷을 벗어라. 유성진 역. 2008. 서울: 학지사).
Ellis, A. (1962). Reason and emotion in psychotherapy. New York: Lyle Stuart and Citadel Books
Ellis, A. (1975). The new guide to rational living. New York: Harper & Row.
Fennell, M. J. V. (2004). Depression, low self-esteem and mindfulness. Behavior Research and Therapy, 42, 1053-1067.
Germer, K. C., Siegel, R. D., & Fulton, P. R. (2005). Mindfulness and Psychotherapy, New York: Guilford Publications(마음챙김과 심리치료. 김재성 역. 2009. 서울: 무우수).
Goleman, D. (1978a). A taxonomy of meditation-specific altered state. Journal of Altered States of Consciousness, 4(2), 203-213.
Goleman, D. J. (1978b). The Varieties of the Meditative Experience. New York: Irvington publishers.
Goleman, D. J., & Schwartz, G. E. (1976). Meditation as an intervention in stress reactivity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 44, 456-466.
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Minsfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatis Research, 57, 35-43
Hofman, S. G., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2008). Acceptance and mindfulness-based therapy: New wave or old hat? Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 1-16.
Jones, R. C. (1969). A factored measure of Ellis Irrational Belief System(Doctoral dissertation, Texas Technilogical College, 1968). Dissertation Abstracts International, 29, 4379B-4380B.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe livin: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain and illness. New York: Delta(명상과 자기치유(상, 하). 장현갑, 김교헌, 장주영 공역. 2005. 서울: 학지사).
Kabat-Zinn, J., Massion, A. O., Kristeller, J., Peterson, L. G., Flwtcher, K. E., pbert, L., Lenderking, W. R., & Santorelli, S. F. (1992) Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 936-943.
Kabat-Zinn, J., Wheeler, E., Light, T., Skillings, A., Scharf. M. J., Cropley T. G., Hosmer, D., & Bernhard, J. D. (1998). Influence of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention on rates of skin clearing in patients with moderate to serve psoriasis undergoing phototherapy (UVB) and photochemotherapy (PUVA). psychosomatic Medicine, 60(5), 625-632.
Kassinove, H., & Sukhodolsky, D. G. (1995). Anger disorders: Basic science and practice issues. In H. Kassinove(Ed). Anger disorders: Definition, diagnosis, and treatment(pp.1-26). Washington, DC: Tatlor & Francis.
Kemp, S., & Stongman, K. T. (1995). Anger theory and management: a historical analysis. American Journal of Psychology, 108, 397-417
Kristeller, J. L., & Hallett, C. B. (1999). An exploratory study of a meditation-based intervention for binge eating disorder. Journal of Health Psychology, 4, 357-363.
Lau, M. A., & McMain, S. F. (2005). Integrating mindfulness meditation with cognitive and behavioral therapies: The challenge of combining acceptance-and change -based strategies. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 50(13), 863-869.
Leigh, J., Bowen, S., Marlatt, G. A. (2005). Spirituality, mindfulness and substance abuse. Addictive behaviors, 30, 1335-1341.
Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press.
Lopez, F. G., & Thurman, C. W. (1986). A cognitive-behavioral investigation of among college students. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 10, 245-256.
Mattew, K. A., Glass, D. C., Roseman, R. H., & Bortner, R. W. (1977). Competitive drive, Pattern A., and coronary heart disease; A further analysis of some data form the Western Collaborative Group Study. Journal of Chronic Disease, 30, 489-498.
Miller, J. J., Fletcher, K., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (1995). Three-year follow-up and clinical implication of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry, 17, 192-200.
Nirbhay, N. S., Robert, G. W., Angela, D. A., & Rachel, E. N. (2003). Sole of The Feet: A mindfulness-based self-control intervention for aggression by an individual with mild mental retardation and mental illness. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 24, 158-169.
Perlis, R. H., Smoller, J. W., Fava, M., Rosenbaum, J. F., Nierenberg, A. A., & Sachs, G. S. (2002). The prevalence and clinical correlation of anger attacks during depressive episodes in bipolar disorder, Journal of Affective dsorders, 1, 1-5.
Ramel, W., Goldin, P. R., Carmona, P. E., & McQuaid, J. R. (2004). The effects of mindfulness meditation on cognitive process and affects with past depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28(4), 433-455.
Sarfran, J. D., & Segal, Z. V. (1990) Interpersonal process in cognitive therapy. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
Sharkin, B. S. (1988). The measurement and treatment of client anger counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 66, 361-365.
Spielberger, C. D. (1980). Preliminary manual for the State-Trait Anger scale (STAS). Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, Human Resources Institute.
Spielberger, C. D., & London, P. (1982). Rage boomerangs. American Health, 1, 52-56.
Spielberger, C. D., Jacobs, G. A., Russell, S., & Crane, R. S. (1983). Assessment of anger: The State-Trait Anger Scale. Advances in Personality Assessment, 2, N. J: LEA., 159-187.
Spielberger, C. D., Krasner, S. S., & Solomon, E. P. (1988). The experience, expression, and control of anger. In M. P. Janisse (Ed). Health Psychology: Individual differences and stress(pp.89-108). New York: Springer Verlag.
Teasdale, J. D., Moore, G. R., Hayhurst, H., Pope, M., Williams, S., & Segal, Z. V. (2002). Metacognitive awareness and prevention of relapse in depression: empirical evidence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 275-287.
Teasdale, J. D., Williams, J. M., Soulsby, J. M., Segal, Z. V., Ridgeway, V. A., & Lau, M. A. (2000). Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 615-625.