바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

메뉴

The role of Resilience as a protective factor for suicide in Adolescent Patients with depression

Abstract

Suicide is the leading cause of death among adolescents in The Republic of Korea. Approximately 15,906 adolescents died by suicide in 2011. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of resilience as a protective factor for suicide in adolescent patients with depression. The participants(n=59) underwent a psychiatric interview which included the Korean Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version(K-SADS-PL) and the Columbia University Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). In addition, they completed the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck’s Scale for Suicidal Ideation(B-SSI), & the Resilience scales. Thus, 26 patients with a history of attempting suicide were classified as the Suicide Behavior group and 33 patients were identified as the Non-Suicidal Behavior group. As a result, ‘positivity’ was suggested as playing a key role in suicide attempt. The limitations of this study and suggestions for further research are also discussed.

keywords
청소년, 우울, 자살, 회복탄력성, 긍정성, adolescent, depression, suicide, resilience, positivity

Reference

1.

고 선 (2009). 학교환경이 청소년의 자살생각에 미치는 영향: 자아탄력성의 매개효과. 석사학위논문. 숙명여자대학교.

2.

고재홍, 윤경란 (2007). 청소년의 스트레스와 자살생각: 자아탄력성의 완충효과. 한국청소년연구, 18(1), 185-212.

3.

김보영 (2008). 청소년 자살생각에 영향을 미치는 변인에 대한 메타분석. 박사학위논문. 전남대학교.

4.

김순귀, 정동빈, 박영술 (2008). SPSS를 활용한 로지스틱 회귀모형의 이해와 응용. 한나래 아카데미.

5.

김정수, 노성덕 (2003). 청소년의 자살충동과 심리사회적 변인과의 관계. 대학생활연구, 21, 153-172.

6.

김현순 (2005). 청소년의 애착과 자아탄력성이 정서 행동문제에 미치는 영향. 석사학위논문, 숙명여자대학교.

7.

김현지, 박은희 (2009). 우울증 환자들에서 우울 증상의 심각도와 자살 사고간의 관련성. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 추계학술대회 포스터 발표.

8.

노명선, 전홍진, 이해우, 이효정, 한성구, 함봉진 (2006). 대학생들의 우울장애에 관한 연구: 유병율, 위험요인, 자살행동 및 기능장애. 신경정신의학, 45(5), 432-437.

9.

대한소아청소년정신의학회 (2003). 한국판 K-SADS-PL. 서울: 중앙문화사.

10.

박광배 (2003). 변량분석과 회귀분석. 학지사.

11.

세계보건기구 (WHO). http://www.who.int.

12.

신민섭, 박광배, 오경자, 김중술 (1990). 자살성향에 관한 연구: 우울-절망-자살간의 구조적 관계에 대한 분석. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 9(1), 20-32.

13.

신우열, 김민규, 김주환 (2009). 회복탄력성 검사 지수의 개발 및 타당도 검증. 한국청소년연구, 20(4), 105-131.

14.

심미영, 김교헌 (2005). 한국 청소년의 자살생각에 대한 위험요인과 보호요인: 성과 발달시기의 조절효과. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 10(3), 313-325.

15.

윤경란 (2006). 청소년의 스트레스와 자살생각: 자아탄력성의 조절효과. 석사학위논문, 경남대학교.

16.

이영호, 송종용 (1991). BDI, SDS, MMPI-D 척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도에 대한 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 10(1), 98-113.

17.

이창수 (2011). 컬럼비아 대학 자살 심각성 평가 척도(Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale)의 한국에서의 신뢰도 및 타당도에 대한 연구. 석사학위 논문, 인제대학교.

18.

이희경 (2006). 부정에서 긍정으로: 심리학의 새로운 접근. 한국심리학회 심포지엄.

19.

장진아, 신희천 (2006). 부부갈등이 청소년 자녀의 부적응에 미치는 영향: 자아탄력성, 부모 양육태도, 사회적 지지의 매개과정. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 18(3), 569-592.

20.

조성진, 전홍진, 김장규, 서동우, 김선욱, 함봉진, 등 (2002). 중․고등학교 청소년의 자살생각 및 자살시도의 유병률과 자살시도의 위험요인에 관한 연구. 대한신경정신의학회. 41(6), 1142-1155.

21.

최윤미, 최윤미, 박희경, 손영숙, 정명숙, 김혜원, 최해림, 등 (2000). 현대청년심리학. 학문사.

22.

통계청 (2011). 사망원인통계. 통계청.

23.

Brausch, A. M., & Gutierrez, P. M. (2010). Differences in Non-Suicidal Self0Injury and Suicide Attempts in Adolescents. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 39, 233-242.

24.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, Strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.

25.

Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspect. New York: Harper & Row.

26.

Beck, A., Kovacs, M., & Weissman, A. (1979). Assessment of Suicidal Intention: The Scale Ideation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 343-352.

27.

Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1980). The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in the organization of behavior. In W. A. Collins(Ed.), Development of cognition, affect, and social relations: The Minnesota symposia on child psychology(Vol. 13, 39-101). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

28.

Calson, G. A., & Cantwell, D. P. (1982). Suicide behavior and depression in children and adolescents. American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 21, 886-891.

29.

Carrison C. Z., Jackson, K. L., Addy, C. L., McKeown, R. E., & Waller, J. L. (1991). Suicidal behaviors in young adolescent. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133, 1005 -1014.

30.

Cornelius, J. R., Salloum, I. M., Mezzich, J., Cornelius, M. D., Fabrega, H. J., Ehler, J. G., et al. (1995). Disproportionate suicidality in patients with major depression and comorbid personality disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 39, 61-72.

31.

Fordwood, S. R., Asarnow, J. R., Huizar, D. P, & Reise, S. P. (2007). Suicide attempts among depressed adolescents in primary care. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 36, 392-404.

32.

Frederico, M., & Davis, C. (1996). Gatekeeper training and youth suicide prevention. Canberra: Department of Health and Family Services.

33.

Fremouw, W. J., De Perczel, M. D., & Ellis, T. E. (1990). Suicide Risk: Assessment and Response Guidelines. Pergamon Press.

34.

Funahashi T., Ibuki Y., Domon Y., Nishimura T., Akehashi D., & Sugiura H. (2000). A clinical study on suicide among schizophrenics. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 54, 173-179.

35.

Garmazy, N., & Rutter, M. (1985). Acute stress reactions. In Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Modern Approaches, Rutter, M., Hersov, L(eds). Oxford: Blackwell.

36.

Johnson, J., Gooding, P. A., Wood, A. M., & Tarrier, N. (2010). Resilience as positive coping appraisals: Testing the schematic appraisals model of suicide(SAMS). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(3), 179-186.

37.

Kim, Y. S., Cheon, K. A., Kim, B. N., Chang, S. A., Yoo, H. J., Kim, J. W., et al. (2004). The reliability and validity of Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia- Present and Lifetime Version- Korean version (K-SADS-PL-K). Yonsei Medical Journal, 45(1), 81-89.

38.

Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., & Seeley, J. R. (1994). Psychosocial risk factors for future adolescent suicide attempts. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(2), 297-305.

39.

Linquanti, R. (1992). Using Community-Wide Collaboration To Foster Resiliency in Kids : A Conceptual Framework. Portland, OR. Western Regional Center for Drug-Free Schools and Communities.

40.

Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56, 227-238.

41.

Malone, K. M., Haas, G. L., Sweeney, J. A., & Mann, J. J. (1995). Major depression and the risk of attempted suicide. Journal of Affective Disorders, 34, 173-185.

42.

Nrugham, L., Holen, A., & Sund, A. M. (2010). Associations Between Attempted Suicide, Violent Life Events, Depressive Symptoms, and Resilience in Adolescents and Young Adults. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 198(2), 131-136.

43.

Oquendo M. A., Halberstam B., & Mann J. J. (2003). Risk factors for suicidal behavior: utility and limitations of research instruments. In M. B. First [Ed.] Standardized Evaluation in Clinical Practice.

44.

Posner K., Melvin G. A., Stanley B., Oquendo M., & Gould. M. (2007). Factors in the assessment of suicidality in youth. CNS Spectrums, 12(2), 156-162.

45.

Pines, M. (1975). In Praise of “invulnerables.” APA Monitor, 7.

46.

Reifman, A., & Windle, M. (1995). Adolescent suicidal behaviors as a function of depression, hopelessness, alcohol use, and social support: a longitudinal investigation. American Journal Community Psychology, 23, 329-354.

47.

Roy, A., Carli, V., Sarchiapone, M. (2011). Resilience mitigates the suicide risk associated with childhood trauma. Journal of Affective Disorders, 133(3), 591-594.

48.

Rutter, M. (1990). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanism, in: Rolf, J., Masten, A., Cicchetti, D., Nuechterlein, K., & Weintraub, S.(Eds) Risk and Protective Factors in the Development of Psychopathology (pp.181-214). Cambridge University Press. New York, USA.

49.

Seligman, M., Steen, T., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410-421.

50.

Seligman, M. E. P. (2006). 긍정심리학 [Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment]. (김인자 옮김). 서울: 물푸레. (원전은 2002에 출판).

51.

Ten Have, M., de Graaf, R., van Dorsselaer, S., Verdurmen, J., van't Land, H., Vollebergh, W., et al. (2009). Incidence and course of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the general population. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 824-833.

52.

Thanoi, W., Phancharoenworakul, K., & Thompson, E. A. (2010). Thai Adolescent Suicide Risk Behaviors: Testing a Model of Negative Life Events, Rumination, Emotional Distress, Resilience and Social Support. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 14(3), 187-202.

53.

Thompson, E. A., Eggert, L. L., & Hurting, J. R. (2000). Mediating Effects of an Indicated Prevention Program for Reducing Youth Depression and Suicide Risk Behaviors. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 30(3), 252-271.

54.

Uebelacker, L. A., Strong, D, Weinstock, L. M., & Miller, I. W. (2010). Likelihood of suicidality at varying levels of depression severity: a re-analysis of NESARC data. Suicide & life-threatening Behavior, 40(6), 620-627.

55.

Wang, W. (2000). Family and personal factors influencing adolescent suicide risk behaviors. Unpublished Dissertation, University of Washington.

logo