바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

메뉴

The Effects of Cognitive Defusion Techniques on Anger Control

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to observe effectiveness of cognitive defusion techniques in Ed – highlight: The word “current” might also be used here. controlling anger by contrasting it against block-out-anger techniques. A total of 56 university students participated and were randomly assigned to each condition. In this study, anger was aroused by talking about a personal event involving anger. Anger and the anger-relief emotion were measured across the ex-ante and ex-post interventions using both techniques. In addition, the presence of three defusion effects on distancing, emotional discomfort regarding anger events and control behavior expected in the process of defusing anger were assessed. After anger arousal using both techniques, the measured level of anger was found to have decreased, and the level of anger-relief emotion had increased. The defusion condition group showed stronger effects on the defusion process than the compared group. These findings suggest that cognitive defusion is a more effective strategy for reducing anger than block-out-anger strategy. Finally, limitations of this study and recommendations for further studies were discussed.

keywords
anger, anger control, cognitive defusion technique, acceptance and commitment therapy, experiential avoidance, 분노, 분노조절, 인지적 탈융합 기법, 수용전념치료, 수용, 경험적 회피

Reference

1.

권미리 (2005). 알코올 의존 유형에 따른 특성분노와 분노표현방식의 차이. 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 박사학위 논문.

2.

권효석, 이장한 (2010). 인지적 탈융합 처치를통한 불안민감서 감소: 호흡계 증상에 대한 두려움을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지:임상, 29(3), 745-760.

3.

김경중 (1982). 자해자에 대한 정신의학적 조사.한양대학교 대학원 석사학위 논문.

4.

김교헌 (1995). 분노 스트레스 상황에서 자기노출이 생리적 각성, 정서 및 인지적 이해에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 임상,14(1), 237-252.

5.

김교헌, 전겸구 (1997). 분노, 적대감 및 스트레스가 신체 건강에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 2(1), 79-95.

6.

김유미 (2007). 어머니의 분노경향성과 아동학대유발 가능성. 숙명여자대학교 대학원 석사학위 논문.

7.

김 환, 이훈진 (2008). 진술문 반복 읽기가 부정적 기분 개선에 미치는 영향. 인지행동치료, 8(1), 29-40.

8.

문현미 (2005). 인지행동치료의 제 3 동향. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 17(1),15-33.

9.

문현미 (2006). 심리적 수용 촉진 프로그램의 개발과 효과: 수용-전념 치료 모델을 중심으로. 가톨릭대학교 대학원 박사학위 논문.

10.

서수균 (2004). 분노와 관련된 인지적 요인과 그치료적 함의. 서울대학교 대학원 박사학위논문.

11.

신아영, 김정호, 김미리혜 (2010). 정서 마음챙김이 여자 대학생의 정서인식의 명확성,인지적 정서조절과 스트레스 및 웰빙에미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 15(4),635-652.

12.

염승훈 (2008). 분노수용프로그램 개발 및 효과검증: ACT 모델을 중심으로. 아주대학교대학원 석사학위 논문.

13.

이근배, 조현춘 (2008). 한국판 분노반추척도의타당화 연구. 정서, 행동장애 연구, 24(1),1-22.

14.

이상은 (2010). 분노수용프로그램 개발 및 초등학생의 분노표현과 심리적 경직성에 미치는효과: 수용-전념치료 모델을 중심으로. 인천대학교 교육대학원 석사학위 논문.

15.

임전옥, 장성숙 (2003). 정서인식의 명확성, 정서조절양식과 심리적 안녕의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 15(2), 259-275.

16.

전겸구, 한덕웅, 이장호, Spielberger (1997). 한국판 STAXI척도개발: 분노와 혈압. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 2(1), 60-78.

17.

전소현 (2007). 분노에 대한 정서조절 전략이 기분과 혈압에 미치는 영향. 고려대학교 대학원 석사학위 논문.

18.

정경숙 (2009). 정서주의, 정서인식의 명확성,정서개선 및 경험적 회피가 용서에 미치는영향. 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.

19.

Bach, P., & Hayes, S. C. (2002). The use of acceptance and commitment therapy to prevent the rehospitalization of psychotic patients: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(5), 1129-1139.

20.

Beck, A. T. (2000). Prisoners of hate: The cognitive basis of anger, hostility, and violence. New York: Perenial.

21.

Blackledge, J. T. (2007). Disrupting verbal processes: coping defusion in acceptance and commitment therapy and other mindfulnessbased psychotherapies. The Psychological Record, 57, 555-576.

22.

Bruehl, S., Burns, J. W., Chung, O. Y., & Chont, M. (2009) Pain-related effects of trait anger expression: Neural substrates and the role of endogenous opioid mechanisms. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 33(3), 475-491.

23.

Clark, D. M., Ball, S., & Pape, D. (1991). An experimental investigation of thought suppression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29(3), 253-257.

24.

Clark, D. M., Winton, E., & Thynn, L. (1993). A further experimental investigation of thought suppression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31(2), 207-210.

25.

Dangel, R. F., Deschner, J. P., & Rasp, C. R. (1989). Anger control training for adolescents in residential treatment. Behavior Modification, 13(4), 447-458.

26.

Davidson, R. J., Putnam, K. M., & Larson, C. L. (2000). Dysfunction in the neural circuitry of emotion regulation: A possible prelude to violence. Science, 289, 591-594.

27.

Deffenbacher, J. L., & Stark, R. S. (1992). Relaxation and cognitive-relaxation treatments of general anger. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39(2), 158-167.

28.

Dobash, R. E., & Dobash, R. P. (1984). The nature and antecedents of violent events. British Journal of Criminology, 24, 269-288.

29.

Eifert, G. H., & Forsyth, J. P. (2010). The application of acceptance and commitment therapy to problem anger. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 18, 241-250.

30.

Eifert, G. H., McKay, M., & Forsyth, J. P. (2006). ACT on life not on anger: The new Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for problem anger. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.

31.

Farrell, S. (2004). Revisiting crime surveys: emotional responses without emotions? OR look back at anger. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 7(2), 157-171.

32.

Feldner, M. T., Zvolensky, M. J., Eifert, G. H., & Spira, A. P. (2003). Emotional avoidance: an experimental test of individual differences and response suppression using biological challenge. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(4), 403-411.

33.

Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Thibodeau, N., & Gagnon, F. (1991). Cognitive intrusions in a non-clinical population. I. Response style, subjective experience, and appraisal. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29(6), 585-597.

34.

Gray, J. A. (1976). The behavioral inhibition system: A possible substrate for anxiety. In M. P. Feldman & A. M. Broadhurst (Eds.), Theoretical and experimental bases of behaviour therapies(pp.3-14). London: Wiley.

35.

Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent- and responsefocused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 224-237.

36.

Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39(3), 281-291.

37.

Gutiérrez, O., Luciano, C., Rodríguez, M., & Fink, B. C. (2004). Comparison between an acceptance-based and a cognitive-control-based protocol for coping with pain. Behavior Therapy, 35, 767-784.

38.

Hayes, S. C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behaviour Therapy, 35, 639-666.

39.

Hayes, S. C., & Smith, S. X. (2005). Get out of your mind & into your life: the new acceptance & commitment therapy. New Harbinger Publications.

40.

Hayes, S. C., & Wilson, K. G. (1994). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Altering the verbal support for experiential avoidance. The Behavior Analyst, 17(2), 289-303.

41.

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An experiential approach to behaviour change. New York: The Guilford Press.

42.

Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1152-1168.

43.

Healy, H. A., Yvonne, B. H., Dermot, B. H., & Keogh, C. (2008). An experimental test of cognitive defusion exercise: Coping with negative and positive self-statements. The Psychological Record, 58, 623-640.

44.

Hesser, H., Westin, V., Hayes, S. C., & Andersson, G. (2009). Clients’ in-session acceptance and cognitive defusion behaviors in acceptance-based treatment of tinnitus distress. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 523-528.

45.

Hinton, M. J., & Gaynor, S. T. (2010). Cognitive defusion for psychological distress, dysphoria, and low self-esteem: A randomized technique evaluation. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 6(3), 164-185.

46.

Kelly, G. W., & Roberts, M. (2002). Core principles in acceptance and commitment therapy: An application to anorexia. Response Paper, 237-243.

47.

Keogh, C. (2008). Cognitive and emotional defusion: Investigations of the underlying psychological processes using explicit and implicit measures. National University of Ireland.

48.

Kerns, R. D., Rosenberg, R., & Jacob, M. C. (1994). Anger expression and chronic pain. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 17, 57-67.

49.

Marcks, B. A., & Woods, D. W. (2005). A comparison of thought suppression to an acceptance-based technique in the management of personal intrusive thoughts: A controlled evaluation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 433-445.

50.

Masuda, A., Hayes, S. C., Sackett, C. F., & Twohig, M. P. (2004). Cognitive defusion and self-relevant negative thoughts: examining the impact of a ninety year old technique. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 477-485.

51.

Masuda, A., Hayes, S. C., Twohig, M. P., Drossel, C., Lillis, J., & Washio, Y. (2009). A parametric study of cognitive defusion and the believability and discomfort of negative selfreferential thoughts. Behavior Modification, 33, 250-262.

52.

Masuda, A., Twohig, M. P., Stormo, A. R., Feinstein, A. B., Chou. Y. Y., & Wendell, J. W. (2010). The effects of cognitive defusion and thought distraction on emotional discomfort and believability of negative selfreferential thoughts. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41, 11-17.

53.

Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. J. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: educational implications. New York: Basic Books.

54.

Maxwell, J. P. (2004). Anger rumination: An antecedent of athlete aggression? Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5, 279-289.

55.

Sukhodolsky, D. G., Golub, A., & Cromwell, E. N. (2001). Development and validation of the anger rumination scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(5), 689-700.

56.

Tolin, D. F. (2009). Alphabet soup: ERP, CT, and ACT for OCD. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16(1), 40-48.

57.

Vecchio, T. D., & O'Leary, K. D. (2004). Effectiveness of anger treatments for specific anger problems: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review. 24(1), 15-34.

58.

Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J., Carter, S. R., & White, T. L. (1987). Paradoxial effects of thought suppression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(1), 5-13.

59.

Wenzlaff, R. M., & Wegner, D. M. (2000). Thought suppression. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 59-91.

60.

Western, D. (1994). Toward an integrative model of affect regulation: Applications to socialpsychological research. Journal of Personality, 62, 641-647.

61.

Williams, J. E., Paton, C. C., Siegler, I. C., Eigenbrodt, M. L., Nieto, F. J., & Tyroler, H. A. (2000). Anger proneness predicts coronary heart disease risk: Prospective analysis from the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Circulation, 101(17), 2034-2039.

62.

Wilson, K. G., & Murrell, A. R. (2004). Values work in acceptance and commitment therapy: Setting a course for behavioral treatment. In S. Hayes, V. Follette, & M. Linehan (Eds.), Mindfulness and acceptance: Expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition. New York: Guilford, 120-151.

logo