Anti-fatigue effect of fermented porcine placenta through the regulation of fatigue-associated inflammatory cytokines
고지현 (경희대학교)
이미경 ((주)LG생활건강)
김종배 ((주)LG생활건강)
정혜인 ((주)LG생활건강)
이원경 ((주)LG생활건강)
Abstract
Fatigue is a common complaint and affects the quality of life in modern people. Physical stress may induce activation of certain immune cells. Fermented porcine placenta (FPP) has been used to alleviate fatigue. Inflammatory cytokines are produced by physical stress and results in symptoms of fatigue. However, the role of FPP on fatigue-associated inflammatory cytokine production has not been elucidated yet. Thus, we estimated the anti-fatigue effect of FPP and its active components, leucine (Leu) and lysine (Lys) in activated RAW264.7 macrophages and forced swimming test (FST) fatigue animal model. Pretreatment with FPP, Leu, or Lys significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 production without inducing cytotoxicity on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. FPP, Leu, or Lys inhibited the production of nitric oxide and downregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, caspase-1 activities increased by LPS were significantly reduced by FPP, Leu, or Lys. In the FST, inflammatory cytokine levels of the mice administrated with FPP, Lys, and Leu were significantly reduced compared with the control group at 21 days. Collectively, these results show that anti-fatigue effect of FPP and its active components, Leu and Lys might be derived from the down-regulating of inflammatory mediators.
- keywords
- fermented porcine placenta, inflammatory cytokine, caspase-1, nitric oxide, forced swimming test
참고문헌
Afari N, Buchwald D. Chronic fatigue syndrome: A review. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:221-236.
Ahlberg K, Ekman T, Gaston-Johansson F, Mock V. Assessment and management of cancer-related fatigue in adults. Lancet 2003;362:640-650.
Bower JE. Cancer-related fatigue - mechanisms, risk factors, and treatments. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2014;11:597-609.
Chauffier K, Salliot C, Berenbaum F, Sellam J. Effect of biotherapies on fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51:60-68.
Cho HJ, Kivimäki M, Bower JE, Irwin MR. Association of Creactive protein and interleukin-6 with new-onset fatigue in the Whitehall II Prospective Cohort Study. Psychol Med. 2013;43:1773-1783.
Cordero MD, Alcocer-Gómez E, Culic O, Carrión AM, de Miguel M, Díaz-Parrado E, Pérez-Villegas EM, Bullón P, Battino M, Sánchez-Alcazar JA. NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in fibromyalgia: the effect of coenzyme Q10. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2014;20:1169-1180.
Datta P, Bhattacharyya D. Spectroscopic and chromatographic evidences of NADPH in human placental extract used as wound healer. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2004;34:1091-1098.
Faubel S, Lewis EC, Reznikov L, Ljubanovic D, Hoke TS, Somerset H, Oh DJ, Lu L, Klein CL, Dinarello CA, Edelstein CL. Cisplatin-induced acute renal failure is associated with an increase in the cytokines interleukin (IL)1-beta, IL-18, IL-6, and neutrophil infiltration in the kidney. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007;322:8-15.
Galli SJ, Tsai M, Piliponsky AM. The development of allergic inflammation. Nature. 2008;454:445-454.
Gordon JR, Burd PR, Galli SJ. Mast cells as a source of multifunctional cytokines. Immunol Today. 1990;11:458-464.
Han NR, Kim KY, Kim MJ, Kim MH, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Porcine placenta mitigates protein-energy malnutrition-induced fatigue. Nutrition. 2013;29:1381-1387.
Han NR, Park CL, Kim NR, Kim HY, Yoou MS, Nam SY, Moon PD, Jeong HJ, Kim HM. Protective effect of porcine placenta in a menopausal ovariectomized mouse. Reproduction. 2015;150:173-181.
Hong HT, Kim HJ, Lee TK, Kim DW, Kim HM, Choo YK, Park YG, Lee YC, Kim CH. Inhibitory effect of a Korean traditional medicine, Honghwain-Jahage (water extracts of Carthamus tinctorius L. Seed and Hominis placenta) on interleukin-1-mediated bone resorption. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;79:143-148.
Kim HJ, Lee JW, Kim YL, Lee MH. The effect of placental extract on the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 in SK30 melanoma cells. Korean J Dermatol. 2003;41:161218.
Kuida K, Lippke JA, Ku G, Harding MW, Livingston DJ, Su MS, Flavell RA. Altered cytokine export and apoptosis in mice deficient in interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme. Science. 1995;267:2000-2003.
Lawrence T, Willoughby DA, Gilroy DW. Anti-inflammatory lipid mediators and insights into the resolution of inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002;2:787-795.
Louati K, Berenbaum F. Fatigue in chronic inflammation - a link to pain pathways. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:254.
Maes M, Mihaylova I, Kubera M, Bosmans E. Not in the mind but in the cell: increased production of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase in chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2007;28:463-469.
Mitsui Y, Bagchi M, Marone PA, Moriyama H, Bagchi D. Safety and toxicological evaluation of a novel, fermented, peptide-enriched, hydrolyzed swine placenta extract powder. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2015:25:13-20.
Pollard LC, Choy EH, Gonzalez J, Khoshaba B, Scott DL. Fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis reflects pain, not disease activity. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006;45:885-889.
Rohleder N, Aringer M, Boentert M. Role of interleukin-6 in stress, sleep, and fatigue. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012;1261:88-96.
Scott DL. Leflunomide improves quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1999;112:23-29.
Späth-Schwalbe E, Hansen K, Schmidt F, Schrezenmeier H, Marshall L, Burger K, Fehm HL, Born J. Acute effects of recombinant human interleukin-6 on endocrine and central nervous sleep functions in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83:1573-1579.
Stebbings S, Treharne GJ. Fatigue in rheumatic disease: an overview. Int J Clin Rheumatol. 2010;5:487-502.
Su ZY, Hwang LS, Kuo YH, Shu CH, Sheen LY. Black soybean promotes the formation of active components with antihepatoma activity in the fermentation product of Agaricus blazei. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56:9447-9454.
Suárez A, Guillamó E, Roig T, Blázquez A, Alegre J, Bermúdez J, Ventura JL, García-Quintana AM, Comella A, Segura R, Javierre C. Nitric oxide metabolite production during exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome: a case-control study. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2010:19:1073-1077.
Thomson M. The effects of placental corticotrophin releasing hormone on the physiology and psychology of the pregnant woman. Curr Wom Health Rev. 2008;4:270-279.
Vane JR, Mitchell JA, Appleton I, Tomlinson A, Bishop-Bailey D. Inducible isoforms of cyclooxygenase and nitric-oxide synthase in inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91:2046-2050.
Xia Z, Triffitt JT. A review on macrophage responses to biomaterials. Biomed Mater. 2006;1: R1-R9.
Young SM, Benyshek DC. In search of human placentophagy:across-cultural survey of human placenta consumption, disposal practices, and cultural beliefs. Ecol Food Nutr. 2010;49:467-484.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수