본 연구는 대학생을 대상으로 우울과 불안에 따른 정서조절선택(Emotion Regulation Choice) 선호를 실험을 통해 연구하고, 정동적 유연성이 선택 선호에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 전환과제(Switching Task)를 통해 비정동적 인지적 유연성과 정동적 유연성을 측정하고, 제시되는 부정적 정서 자극을 처리하는데 재평가 전략과 주의분산 전략을 피검자가 직접 선택하도록 하는 정서조절선택과제를 통해 부정적 정서 강도에 따른 정서조절선택 선호를 살펴보았다. 불안집단은 비불안집단보다 낮은 강도의 부정적 자극에서 유의미하게 주의분산 전략을 선호하였다. 이러한 선호는 긍정적 자극의 정서적 측면으로 주의를 전환하는 능력이 낮을수록 강하게 나타났다. 우울집단은 높은 강도의 부정적 자극에서 재평가 전략을 선호할 것이라 예측하였으나 비우울집단과 차이가 없었다. 다만 부정적 자극의 중립적 측면으로 주의를 전환하는 능력에 따라 선호가 다르게 나타났다. 본 연구는 유연한 정서조절선택이 중요함을 강조하며, 정서적 자료를 사용하여 측정하는 정동적 유연성이 우울 및 불안이 정서조절선택에 미치는 영향과 밀접하게 관련됨을 보여준다. 따라서 적응적인 정서조절을 위해서는 정서조절선택에서의 유연성과 함께, 정서적 자료에 대한 실행통제능력인 정동적 유연성을 증진시킬 필요가 있음을 제안한다.
The present study aimed to examine the preference for emotion regulation choice in depression and anxiety through an experiment and the impacts of affective flexibility. In this study, cognitive and affective flexibility was measured with a switching task. Additionally the preferred emotion regulation choice depending on negative emotional strength was measured using an emotion regulation task involving directly selection of reappraisal or switching strategy. The results showed that the high trait anxiety group preferred to switch away under low-emotion intensity compared to the low trait anxiety group. In particular, greater preference was related to lower switching away from the affective aspects of positive image. The depressed group was not different from the non-depressed group in terms of preference. However, their preference depended on switching away from the neutral aspects of negative image. This study emphasizes the importance of flexible emotion regulation choice and shows that affective flexibility, measured with emotional material, is closely associated with effects on emotion regulation choice in depression and anxiety. Moreover, this study implies that affective flexibility should be improved with flexible emotion regulation choice to regulate emotion adaptively.
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