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본 연구는 동시/비동시 구별과제(Synchrony/Asynchrony discrimination; SA), 시간순서 판단과제(Temporal Order Judgment; TOJ)와 포괄적인 신경심리검사를 사용하여 조현병 환자의 청각적 시간지각과 신경심리 기능 간의 관련성을 알아보았다. SA 과제는 제시된 두 개의 음이 동시에 제시되었는지를 구별하는 과제이며, TOJ 과제는 제시된 두 개의 음 중 먼저 제시된 음이 높은 음인지 낮은 음인지를 판단하는 과제이다. 본 연구에는 조현병 환자 30명과 정상통제군 31명이 포함되었다. 연구 결과, 조현병 환자군은 정상통제군에 비해 두 시간지각 과제 모두에서 유의하게 더 낮은 정확률을 보였다. 아울러 SA 과제의 수행 수준과 주의 간의 정적 상관이 관찰되었다. 한편, TOJ 과제의 수행 수준은 주의, 시각 기억, 집행기능 간의 유의한 정적 상관이 관찰되었다. 또한, SA 과제의 수행 수준은 양성 및 음성증후군 척도로 측정한 P3(환각증상)과 유의한 부적 상관이, TOJ 과제의 수행 수준은 양성증상, P3, 일반정신병리, 총점과 유의한 부적 상관이 있음이 관찰되었다. 이 결과는 조현병 환자들이 청각적 시간지각에 결함을 가지고 있으며, 이 결함이 주의, 기억, 집행기능의 신경심리 기능과 더불어 조현병 증상과 유의한 관련이 있음을 시사한다.
This study investigated the relationships between auditory time perception and neuropsychological functions in patients with schizophrenia using Synchrony/Asynchrony discrimination (SA) task, Temporal Order Judgment (TOJ) task and comprehensive neuropsychological tests. Participants were asked to respond whether two tones were presented simultaneously or not in SA task, whereas in TOJ task, participants were asked to judge which tone was presented prior to the other tone. Thirty patients with schizophrenia and 31 normal controls participated in this study. The schizophrenia group showed significantly lower accuracy rates than did the control group in both SA and TOJ tasks. Performance on the SA task was positively correlated with attention., whereas performance on the TOJ task was positively correlated with attention, memory, executive function. Moreover, performances on the SA task were negatively associated with P3 (hallucination) symptom, and performances on the TOJ task were negatively associated with positive symptoms, P3, general psychopathology, and total score of the PANSS for schizophrenia. These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia have deficits both in discriminating between synchrony and asynchrony, and judging temporal order. In addition, deficits of auditory time perception in patients with schizophrenia were significantly associated with schizophrenic symptoms and cognitive dysfucntions such as attention and executive dysfunctions.
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