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본 연구는 표준화 집단의 자료를 통해 K-WAIS-IV의 단축형 검사를 제시한 최아영 등(2014)의 연구 결과를 환자 집단에서 적용하여 임상적 유용성을 확인하기 위한 목적으로 시행되었다. 이를 위해 정신건강의학과를 방문한 환자 687명의 K-WAIS-IV 전체 검사 결과를 단축형에 적용하였다. 단축형 A와 B는 최아영 등(2014)이 제안한 소검사와 회귀식을 그대로 적용한 것으로, 각각 2개 소검사(산수, 상식)와 4개 소검사(산수, 상식, 행렬, 기호)로 구성되었다. 타당도 검증 결과, 본 연구의 참가자 전체 집단에서 단축형 A와 B 모두 타당하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 단축형 검사의 실질적인 유용성을 확인하기 위해 지능 수준별로 집단을 분류하여 단축형 검사를 적용한 결과에서도 타당하지 않았고, 특히 지능이 낮은 집단에 단축형 A를 적용할 경우, 진단 일치율이 상당히 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 또, 불안장애, 우울장애, 신경인지장애, 정신병적 장애, 정신 지체 등 진단 기준별로 단축형을 적용했을 때에도 모두 타당하지 않은 것으로 확인 되었다. 본 연구의 함의와 한계, 추후 연구 방향 제시와 더불어 단축형 검사 도구 사용에 대한 임상가들의 신중하고 보다 보수적인 자세를 제안하였다.
This study examined the psychometric properties, including validity, of the K-WAIS-IV short forms (SFs) proposed by Choe et al. (2014) when applied to psychiatric patients. The SF A and B are the two subsets (arithmetic, information) and four subsets (arithemetic, information, matrix reasoning, coding) that were introduced by Choe et al. (2014). The results of the validity test indicated that both SF A and B were not valid for the entire study group. In order to confirm the practical usefulness of the SF test, the group was classified by intelligence level; the SF test was applied, but it was not valid. Further, the diagnostic concordance rate was especially low when SF A was applied to the group with low intelligence. In addition, the SFs were not appropriate when administered for each diagnostic criterion such as anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, neurocognitive disorder, psychotic disorder, and mental retardation. The implications and limitations of the study, as well as suggestions for future research, were discussed, and cautious and more conservative attitude of clinicians toward the use of SF tools was also discussed.
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