본 연구는 암묵적 자기이론에 기초하여 정신과 환자의 마인드셋이 자살 위험성에 미치는 영향을 확인했다. 암묵적 자기 이론에서는 개인 특성이 변화 불가능하다고 믿는 태도를 ‘고정 마인드셋(fixed mindset)’, 개인 특성이 변화 가능하다고 믿는 태도를 ‘성장 마인드셋(growth mindset)’으로 구분한다. 본 연구에서는 자살 위험성에 대한 마인드셋의 고유한 영향력을 확인하기 위하여 자살의 주요한 위험 요인으로 알려진 우울의 영향력을 통제했다. 또한 지능, 성격, 정서 및 불안에 대한 마인드셋 중 자살 위험성에 유의미한 효과를 나타내는 마인드셋은 무엇인지 확인했다. 마지막으로, 자살 위험성을 자살 사고와 자살 행동으로 구분하여 이에 영향을 미치는 마인드셋 및 우울의 효과에 차이가 존재하는지 살펴봤다. 연구 참여자는 경기도 소재 한 대학병원 정신건강의학과에서 진료를 받는 환자 759명 중 지적 장애, 신경인지 장애, 정신증적 장애를 진단받은 환자를 제외한 총 634명으로, 한국판 벡 우울 척도-Ⅱ(Korean-Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ), 암묵적 자기 이론 척도(Implicit Self Theory Scale), 자살 위험성 선별 척도(M.I.N.I. Plus 5.0 for Suicidality and Suicidal Risk)에 응답한 내용을 분석했다. 현재 우울의 영향을 통제한 위계적 중다회귀분석 결과, 마인드셋이 자살 위험성에 미치는 영향이 유의미했다. 또한 중다회귀분석 결과 지능과 불안에 대한 마인드셋이 자살 위험성에 유의미하게 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 자살 위험성을 자살 사고와 자살 행동으로 구분하여 살펴보았을 때, 마인드셋은 우울보다 자살 사고와 자살 행동에 더 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인됐다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 정신과 환자의 자살 위험성을 낮추기 위해 고정 마인드셋에서 성장 마인드셋으로의 변화를 돕는 치료적 개입의 중요성이 논의됐다.
This study was conducted to examine the effects of mindset on suicidal risk in psychiatric patients, based on implicit self-theories. Attitude toward personal traits is grouped into two: fixed mindset, for people who believe that personal traits are unchangeable and growth mindset, for people who believe that personal traits are changeable. The study examined the unique contribution of mindset to suicidal risk, which is in controlling the effects of depression on suicidal risk. We also examined the differences in effects on suicidal risk of mindset on intelligence, personality, emotion and anxiety. In addition, suicidal risk was categorized into two: suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior. We examined the effects of mindset and depression on suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior. The participants are 634 psychiatric adult patients, excluding those, diagnosed with intellectual disability, neurocognitive disorder, and psychotic disorders. They completed the Korean-Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ, Implicit Self Theory Scale, and M.I.N.I. Plus 5.0 for Suicidal Risk). The results showed first that the effects of mindset on suicidal risk were significant in controlling depression. Second, mindset on intelligence and anxiety had significant effects on suicidal risk. Third, the effects of mindset on suicidal ideation and behavior were larger than the effects of depression. Our results suggest that changing a fixed mindset to a growth mindset can be a protective factor for suicidal risk.
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