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본 연구는 임상 집단에 적합한 K-WAIS-IV의 단축형을 살펴보고, 그 타당도를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 경기도 소재 내 종합병원에서 종합심리평가가 의뢰되어 진단된 274명의 환자들의 K-WAIS-IV 결과를 연구자료로 활용하였다. 수집된 자료로 확인적 요인분석을 실시하여, g요인 부하량이 높은 4가지 소검사(어휘, 퍼즐, 산수, 기호쓰기)를 채택하였다. 채택한 소검사들로 회귀추정식을 사용하여 추정 IQ를 산출하였고, 4개 소검사(상식, 행렬추론, 산수, 기호쓰기)의 회귀추정방식 및 비례추정방식의 추정 IQ를 산출하였다. 전체 IQ와 3가지의 추정된 IQ간 상관, 평균 간 차이와 수준 범주별 차이를 살펴보아, 추정된 IQ의 타당도를 검증하였다. 또한 추정된 IQ가 평균 미만 집단(전체 IQ 89점 이하)과 평균 이상 집단(전체 IQ 90점 이상)을 적절히 분별하는지 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 전체 추정 IQ와 본 연구의 4개 소검사형 단축형 간 높은 정적 상관이 나타났고, 평균 간 차이는 유의미하지 않은 반면, 수준 범주별 일치율은 높지 않았다. 더불어 추정된 IQ가 평균 하 집단과 평균 집단을 적절히 분별할 수 있어, 스크리닝용 목적이나 지적 평가가 주된 목적이 아닌 경우, 또는 시간적 효율성이 중요한 상황에서 적절히 활용될 수 있겠다. 마지막으로 임상 집단에서 단축형 지능검사 타당도 연구에 있어, 그 한계와 추후 연구에 대한 제언을 논하였다.
This study aimed to investigate the short form of K-WAIS-IV, whether it is suitable for clinical sample, and its validity. Using factor analysis, four subtests were selected: Vocabulary, Visual Puzzles, Arithmetic, and Coding. Estimated IQ was calculated using regression equations. To test the validity of the estimated IQ, we observed the correlation between Full Scale IQ and the estimated IQ, as well as mean and, classification differences. A highly significant correlation was found between Full Scale and the estimated IQ. The mean difference between Full Scale and estimated IQ was not statistically significant, but the classification of the two IQ types did not differ. Estimated IQ distinguished between low average level(below Full Scale IQ 89) and average level(above Full Scale IQ 90). In conclusion, the short form of K-WAIS-IV can be credibly used in clinical settings when the exact full scale IQ is not needed or when time shortage is an issue. And also, implications and limitations of this study were discussed.
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