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E-ISSN : 2733-4538
노화와 기억에 관한 세 가지 이론-용량감소이론, 선택적 감소이론, 보상상호작용이론-의 타당성을 검증해보고자 20대에서 80대까지의 정상성인 및 노인집단 428명을 대상으로 기억검사(K-MAS)를 실시하여 수행을 비교하였다. 연령대별 횡단비교로 기억지수를 비교했을 때는 연령이 증가할수록 기억수행이 일관적으로 저하되어 20대를 기준으로 했을 경우 40대에서는 Memory Quotient (MQ)가 15 정도 저하되었으며 60대에서 10 MQ, 80대에서 다시 10 MQ 정도 저하되는 양상을 보였다. 소 검사 별 비교에서는 모든 소 검사에서가 아니라 일부 검사에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그러나 교육수준을 매치시켜 연령대별 비교를 했을 때는 노인집단이 교육수준 10년 이상만 되어도 동일한 교육수준의 40대, 50대 집단에 비해 유의한 수행저하를 보이지 않았고 교육수준 9년 이하의 40대 집단에 비해서는 오히려 수행이 더 좋았다. 특히 교육수준 13년 이상의 노인집단은 상기 결과에 더하여 [교육수준 9년이하] 20-30대 집단의 비교에서도 유의한 수행저하가 없었으며 특히 언어기억에서는 [교육수준 12년이상]의 20-30대 집단과의 비교에서도 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 비록 노화와 기억에 관한 세 가지 이론 모두 타당성을 갖는 것으로 밝혀졌으나 본 연구를 통해 보상-상호작용 이론의 타당성을 경험적으로 증명할 수 있었던 것에 가치가 크다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 노인이라도 지적 자원이 풍부하다면 우려할 만큼의 기억력 저하는 나타나지 않을 것으로 예상되며, 이를 Stern의 인지적 비축 개념과 연관지어 설명하였다. 마지막으로 보상-상호작용 기제로 설명되지 못하는 기억력 저하의 원인들을 탐색해보고 지속적인 지적자극 제공의 중요성을 강조하였다.
In order to test the validity of memory & aging theory-Capacity Decline Theory, Selective Decline Theory, Compensatory Interaction Theory- the author examined memory function between age grade groups by Korean version of Memory Assessment Scales(K-MAS). The total number of subjects were 428, 20's 70, 30's 68. 40's 94, 50's 92. 60's 50, 70's 40, 80's 14. On the cross-sectional study, as the age increased, Memory Quotient(MQ) decreased consistently. In comparison with the performance of 20's, 15 MQ was decreased in 40's, 10 MQ was decreased in 60's again, and finally, 10 MQ was decreased in 80's again. And those differences appeared in some sub tests, not in all sub tests. But in that case of matching education level, another result showed. That is, [10 years and more education] elderly group did not show significant differences than the same education level of 40's and 50' group, and also, showed better performance than [9 years and less education] 40's group. Especially, [13 years and more education] elderly group even did not show significant differences than [9 years and less] 20-30' group, and moreover, did not show differences than [12 years education] 20-30's group in verbal memory scale. Although all three theories were proved validatory, this result lays emphasis on that Compensatory-interaction theory was validated empirically, thus it is anticipated that ‘high reserve’ old adult would not show memory dysfunction as regarded generally. Finally, explanations for various memory dysfunctioncauses in old adults, that can not counterbalanced by mental faculties, were presented, and the importance of consistent intellectual stimulation was stressed.
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