open access
메뉴
open access
메뉴
E-ISSN : 2733-4538
his study focuses on the influence of psychological acceptance on fear of blushing, trembling, and sweating, all physical symptoms of social anxiety. Study 1 was performed to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Blushing, Trembling, and Sweating-Physical Symptoms (BTS-PS) and Fear of Blushing, Trembling, and Sweating (BTS-F) and to explore its psychological characteristics. Data were collected from 477 college students. BTS-F significantly explains anxiety about social performance and interaction when BTS-PS is controlled. This result reveals the necessity of therapeutic intervention in the fear of physical anxiety symptoms. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ) related negatively to all these anxiety scales. Study 2 was designed to determine the influence of psychological acceptance on fear of blushing, trembling, and sweating during a speech. For this purpose, both ‘high social anxiety’ (n=42) and ‘low social anxiety’ (n=42) groups were selected based on the scores of BTS-F and Social Phobia Scale. They were randomly allocated into two different experimental conditions, i.e., acceptance condition and inhibition condition. The speech was video recorded and two observers evaluated the anxiety symptoms shown on the video. After the speech, participants evaluated the degree of social phobia responses and psychological acceptance. The result of this experiment showed that psychological acceptance reduced the fear of BTS and behavioral anxiety responses in the high social anxiety group. However, BTS-physical responses and overall anxious feeling were not affected by the 10-minute education. In observer evaluations, behavioral anxiety response and overall anxious feeling in acceptance condition were significantly less than in inhibition condition, and there was no difference between high social anxiety group and low social anxiety group. The findings of this study suggest that psychological acceptance has a therapeutic effect on the reduction of fear of physical anxiety responses, and behavioral responses.
권석만 (2003). 현대이상심리학. 서울: 학지사.
김은정 (1999). 사회 공포증 집단의 사회적 자기처리 및 안전행동. 서울대학교 박사학위 청구논문.
김지혜, 유범희, 오강섭, 양종철, 김율리, 이소영, 임영진 (2004). 한국어 확장판 불안 민감도 지수의 타당화 연구. 신경정신의학, 43(1), 54-60.
김향숙 (2001). 사회 공포증 하위 유형의 기억 편향. 서울대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
문현미 (2006). 심리적 수용 촉진 프로그램의 개발과 효과: 수용-전념 치료 모델을 중심으로. 가톨릭대학교 박사학위 청구논문.
박선영 (2003). 사회불안 유발상황의 구분 및 사회불안 하위유형의 차별적 특성. 서울대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
이경선, 조용래 (2006). 불안민감성의 사회적 염려차원이 발표 상황에 대한 불안반응에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 25(1), 187-203.
임선영, 최혜라, 권석만 (2007). 사후반추사고가 사회적 자기효능감 및 예기불안에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 26(1), 39-56.
조용래 (2007). 발표 불안에 대한 비디오 피드백의 효과: 중개 변인과 매개 변인. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 26(2), 293-322.
최영인 (2004). 관찰자 관점이 발표 불안과 발표 수행에 미치는 영향. 고려대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
한은경, 조용래, 박상학, 김학렬, 김상훈 (2003). 한국판 Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI)의 요인구조: 정신과 환자를 대상으로 한 확인적 요인분석의 적용. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 22(1), 261-270.
American Psychiatric Association (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Trhid Edition. Washington, DC. : American Psychiatric Association.
Amies, P., Gelder, M., & Shaw, P. (1983). Social phobia: a comparative clinical study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 174-179.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory of measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893-897.
Block, J. A. (2002). Acceptance or change of private experiences: a comparative analysis in college students with public speaking anxiety. Doctoral Dissertation. University at Albany, State University of New York.
Bögels, S. M. (2006). Task concentration training versus applied relaxation, in combination with fear of blushing, trembling, and sweating. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1199-1210.
Bögels, S. M., & Reith, W. (1999). Validity of two questionnaires to assess social fears : the Dutch Social phobia and anxiety inventory and the Blushing, trembling, and sweating questionnaire. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 21, 51-66.
Bradley, S. J. (2000). Affect regulation and the development of psychopathology. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Cameron, O, G., Thyer, B. A., Nesse, R. M., & Curtis, G. C. (1986). Symptom profiles of patients with DSM-Ⅲ anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 1132-1137.
Chambless, D. L., & Gracely, E. J. (1989). Fear of fear and the anxiety disorders. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 13, 9-20.
Drummond, P. D., Back, K., Harrison, J., Helgadottir, F. D., Lange, B., Lee, C., Leavy, K., Novatscou, C., Orner, A., Pham, H., Prance, J., Radford, D., & Wheatley, L. (2007). Blushing during social interactions in people with a fear of blushing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27, 1601-1608.
Eifert, G. H., & Heffner, M. (2003). The effect of acceptance versus control contexts on avoidance of panic-related symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 34, 293-312.
Fahlen, T. (1996). Core symptom pattern of social phobia. Depression and Anxiety, 4, 223-232.
Forsyth, J. P., & Eifert, G. H. (2005). The mindfulness & Acceptance Workbook for Anxiety: a guide to breaking free from anxiety, phobias & worry using acceptance & commitment therapy. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
Fremouw, W. J., Gross, R., Monroe, J., & Rapp, S. (1982). Empirical subtypes of performance anxiety. Behavioral Assessment, 4, 179-193.
Gerlach, A. L., Wilhelm, F. H., Gruber, K., & Roth, W. T. (2001). Blushing and physiological arousability in social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110(2), 247- 258.
Hayes, S. C. (1994). Content, context, and the types of psychological acceptance. In S. C. Hayes, V. M. Follette, & M. J. Dougher (Eds.), Acceptance and change: content and context in psychotherapy(pp.13-32). Reno, NV: Context Press.
Hayes, S. C., Follette, V. M., & Linehan, M. M. (2004). Mindfulness and acceptance: expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment Therapy: model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1-25.
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: an experiential approach to behavior change. New York, NY: Guildford Press.
Hayes, S. C., & Wilson, K. G. (1994). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: altering the verbal support for experiential avoidance. The Behavior Analyst, 17, 289-303.
Hofmann, S. G., & DiBartolo, P. M. (2000). An instrument to assess self-statement during public speaking: Scale development and preliminary psychometric properties. Behavior Therapy, 31, 499-515.
Kashdan, T. B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J. P., & Steger, M. F. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1301-1320.
Kazdin, A. E. (2003). Research design in clinical psychology. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Kwon, S. M. (1992). Differential roles of dysfunctional attitudes and automatic thoughts in depression: an integrated model of depression. Ph. D. Dissertation submitted to the University of Queensland in Australia.
Leary, M. R., & Meadows, S. (1991). Predictors, elicitors, and concomitants of social blushing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 254-262.
Lim, Y. J., Yu, B. H., & Kim, J. H. (2007). Korean anxiety sensitivity index-revised: Its factor structure, reliability, and validity in clinical and nonclinical samples. Depression and Anxiety, 24, 331-341.
Mersch, P. P., Emmelkamp, P. M., Bögels, S. M., & van der Sleen, J. (1989). Social Phobia: Individual response patterns and the effect of behavioral and cognitive interventions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27, 421-434.
Mulken, S., Bögels, S. M., deJong, P. L. & Louwers, J. (2001). Fear of blushing: effect of task concentration training versus exposure in vivo on fear and physiology. Journal of Anxiety Disorder, 15(1), 413-32.
Ӧst, L. G., Jerremalm, A., & Johansson, J. (1980). Individual response patterns and the effect of different behavioral methods in the treatment of social phobia, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 19, 1-16.
Rapee, R. M., & Hayman, K. (1996). The effects of video feedback on the self-evaluation of performance in socially anxious subject. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 315-322.
Rapee, R. M., & Lim, L. (1992). Discrepancy between self-and observer ratings of performance in social phobics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 728-731.
Reich, J., Noyes, T., & Yates, W. (1988). Interoception. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Roche, B., Forsyth, J. P., & Maher, Elanic. (2007). The impact of demand characteristics on brief acceptance-and control-based interventions for pain tolerance. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 14, 381-393.
Rodebaugh, L. T., & Chambless, L. D. (2002). The effect of video feedback on self-perception of performance: a replication and extension. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 629-644.
Scholing, A., & Emmelkamp, P. M. (1993). Cognitive and behavioral treatment of fear of blushing, sweating, and trembling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 155-170.
Spurr, J. M., & Stopa, L. (2003). The observer perspective: effects on social anxiety and performance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1009-1028.
Zinzbarg, R. E., Hohlman, J., & Hong, N. N. (1999). Dimensions of anxiety sensitivity. In S. Taylor (Eds.), Anxiety sensitivity: theory, research and treatment of the fear of anxiety(pp.83-113). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.