open access
메뉴E-ISSN : 2733-4538
The aim of the present study was to explore the influence of posttraumatic growth(PTG) following relational loss on character maturation and mental health. For this purpose, the PTG levels of people who experienced severe relational loss were examined, and then the effects of PTG on maturation of characters proposed by Cloninger(1987) as well as mental health such as happiness and depression were investigated. Furthermore, the mediating path of character maturation on PTG influencing on happiness was examined. The results showed that PTG was positively correlated with all three dimensions and maturation of characters, which was most closely related to the “personal strength” factor of PTG. We also found that PTG was significantly related to higher happiness and lower depression, and specifically ‘relating to others’, ‘personal strength’ and ‘appreciation of life’ factor significantly predicted happiness. Furthermore, maturation of characters partially mediated the relationship between PTG and happiness. Based on these results, the meaning of the study regarding positive changes or growth following relational loss was discussed. Finally, the limitations of this study were discussed along with suggestions for further research.
권석만 (2008). 긍정심리학: 행복의 과학적 탐구. 서울: 학지사.
김보라, 신희천 (2010). 자아탄력성과 삶의 의미가 외상 후 성장에 미치는 영향: 의미추구와 의미발견의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 22(1), 117-136.
김지영 (2011). 성격강점이 긍정적 정신건강에 미치는 영향. 서울대학교 박사학위 청구논문.
김희정, 권정혜, 김종남, 이 란, 이건숙 (2008). 유방암 생존자의 이상 후 성장 관련 요인 탐색. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 13(3), 781-799.
민병배, 오현숙, 이주영 (2007a). 기질 및 성격검사-성인용(TCI-RS). 서울: (주)마음사랑.
민병배, 오현숙, 이주영 (2007b). 기질 및 성격검사 매뉴얼. 서울: (주)마음사랑.
송승훈, 이홍석, 박준호, 김교헌 (2009). 한국판 외상후 성장 척도의 타당도 및 신뢰도 연구. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 14(1), 193-214.
송옥선, 김정희, 권혁철 (2008). 부모이혼을 겪은 대학생의 경험에 관한 질적 분석: 탄력성을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 27(1), 15-33.
윤 훈, 이순철, 오주석 (2007). 고령자의 상실감이 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 13(2), 2-15.
유성진, 권석만 (2009). 심리평가 및 심리치료에 있어서 기질-성격 모형의 임상적 시사점. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 28(2), 563-586.
이양자, 정남운 (2008). 외상 후 성장에 대한 연구 개관: 적응과의 관계 및 치료적 적용을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 13 (1), 1-23.
이유리 (2011). 외상후 성장의 애착-인지 모형 검증: 입양 미혼모를 대상으로. 고려대학교 박사학위 논문.
이윤주, 조계화, 이현지 (2007). 사별에 관한 최근 연구동향 분석. 상담학연구, 8(3), 839-857.
이지영, 권석만 (2006). 정서조절과 정신병리의 관계: 연구 현황과 과제. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 18(3), 461-493.
이지영, 권석만 (2009). 정서장애와 정서조절방략의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 28(1), 245-261.
장원경, 김태균 (2005). 한글 SPSS 12.0을 이용한 자료분석의 이해와 응용. 서울: 도서출판 대경
최선재 (2011). 상실 경험의 의미 재구성과 심리적 적응의 관계. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
최승미 (2008). 외상 후 성장 관련 변인의 탐색. 고려대학교 박사학위 논문.
Affleck, G., & Tennen, H. (1996). Construing benefits from adversity: Adaptational significance and dispositional underpinnings. Journal of Personality: Special Issue on Personality and Coping, 64, 899-992.
Calhoun, L., G., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R. G., & McMillen, J. C. (2000). A correlational test of relationship between posttraumatic growth, religion, and cognitive processing. Journal of traumatic Stress, 13, 521-527.
Cloninger, C. R. (1987). A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants: A proposal. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 573-587.
Cloninger, C. R., Przybeck, T. R., Svrakic, D. M., & Wetzel, R. D. (1994). The Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI): A Guide to its Development and Use. St. Louis, Missouri.
Danforth, M. M., & Glass, J. C. (2001). Listen to my words, give meaning to my sorrow: A study in cognitive constructs in middle-age bereaved widow. Death Studies, 25. 513-329.
Davis, C. G., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2009). Making sense of loss, perceiving benefits, and posttraumatic growth. In S. Lopez & C. R. Snyder(Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Fazio, R. J., & Fazio, L. M. (2005). Growth through loss: promoting healing and growth in the face of trauma, crisis, and loss. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 10, 221-252.
Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., Schroevers, M. J., & Somsen, G. A. (2008). Posttraumatic growth after a myocardial infarction: a matter of personality, psychological health, or cognitive coping? Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 15, 270-277.
Gerber, M. M, Boals, A., & Schuettler, D. (2011). The unique contributions of positive and negative religious coping to posttraumatic growth and PTSD. Psyhcology of Religion and Spirituality, 3(4), 298-307.
Gillies, J. & Neimeyer, R. A. (2006). Loss, grief, and the search for significance: toward a model of meaning reconstruction in bereavement. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 19, 31-65.
Helgeson, V. S., Reynold, K. A., & Tomich, P. L. (2006). A meta-analytic review of benefit finding and growth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 797-816.
Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York: The Free Press.
Linely, P. Alex, J., & Joseph, S. (2004). Positive change following and adversity: A review. Journal of Traumatic Tress, 17(1), 11-21.
Lyubomirsky, S., Tucker, K. L., Caldwell, N. D., & Berg, K. (1999). Why ruminators are poor problem solvers: clues from the phenomenology of dysphoric rumination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1041-1060.
Mcmillen, J. C., Smith, E. M., & Fisher, R. H. (1997). Perceived benefit and mental health after three types of disaster. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 733-739.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Davis, C. G. (2004). Theoretical and methodological issues in the assessment and interpretation of posttraumatic growth, Psychological Inquiry, 15, 60-64.
Park, C. L., Cohen, L. H., & Murch, R. L. (1996). Assessment and prediction of stress- related growth. Journal of Personality, 64(1), 71-105.
Rosenblatt, P. (2000). Parent grief: Narrative of loss and relationship. Philadelphia: Brunner/Masel.
Schaffer, J. A., & Moos, R. H. (1992). Life crises and personal growth. In B. N. Carpenter(Ed.), Personal coping: Theory, research, and application (pp.149-170). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Seligman, M. (2002). Authentic happiness. New York: Free Press.
Seligman, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
Sofka, C. J. (1997). Loss History Checklist. In J. D. Maanino (Ed.), Grieving days, healing days, (p.20). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Sumalla, E. C., Ochoa, C., & Blanco, I. (2009). Posttraumatic growth in cancer: reality or illusion? Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 24-33
Taku, K. (2011). Commonly-defined and individually -defined posttraumatic growth in the US and Japan. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 188-193.
Tashiro, T., & Frazier, P. (2003). “I'll never be in a relationship like that again.”: Personal growth following romantic relationship breakups. Personal Relationship, 10, 113-128.
Taylor, S. E., & Amor, D. A. (1996). Positive illusion and coping with adversity. Journal of Personality, 64, 873-898.
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundation and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 93-102.
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 455-471.
Zoellner, T., & Maercker, A. (2006). Posttraumatic growth in clinical psychology: A critical review and introduction of a two component model. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 626-653.