A qualitative study of defenders’ experiences in peer victimization
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate defenders’ experiences targeting defenders among school violence participants using consensual qualitative analysis method (CQR: Consensual Qualitative Research. Hill, 2011; Hill, Knox, Thompson, Williams, Hess & Ladany, 2005). The subjects of study were 10 middle school boys nominated by school teachers and peers. As a result, defenders’ experiences were finally derived 5 domains and 11 categories about defenders’ experiences at the time of action, and the impact of defenders’ helping behavior. The results of the study are summarized as follow. First, before helping behavior defenders judged that bullying behaviors of perpetrators were too much and then immediately decided to help victims. Bystanders mainly played roles of outsiders, and several of them were reinforcers and rare defenders. Before helping behavior, defenders were afraid and scared of revenge, concerning future problems of friends and thinking that violence was unjust and feeling sorry for the victims. Second, defenders’ helping behaviors brought about major changes to defenders. Helping behaviors played a critical role in the growing of defenders through feeling proud and strong beliefs that helping behaviors are the right thing. The relationship between defenders and perpetrators got worse, and the relationship between defenders and victims was unchanged. After intervention of defenders, perpetrators tried not to hurt victims anymore, and victims got along with classmates. After intervention of defenders, perpetrators stopped bullying and more peers defended victims. This study extended the overall understanding of changing process of all participants’ behaviors, by investigating defenders’ psychological experiences in the process of helping behaviors focusing cognitive and emotional process of defenders, by addressing how defenders’ helping behaviors impact with all participants doing. Also, it is important that this study provided information focused on defenders’ roles for intervention of school violence, and proposed guidance related to altruistic helping behaviors about a desirable direction for prevention of school violence.
- keywords
- peer victimization, the participants role, bystander, defender’s experiences, helping behavior, school violence prevention and intervention, 학교폭력, 참여자 역할, 주변인, 방어자의 경험, 도움행동, 학교폭력의 예방 및 개입
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