본 연구는 긍정정서와 긍정정서 반응 양식이 안녕감에 미치는 영향을 탐색하고자 하였다. Fredrickson(1998)의 ‘확장-구축 이론(Broaden-and-Build theory)’에 기반하여, 긍정정서와 긍정정서 반응 양식이 안녕감의 변화와 유의하게 관련이 되고, 안녕감의 변화에 이들 변인이 호혜적으로 영향을 미칠 것이라고 가정하였다. 단기종단연구를 통해 학부생과 대학원생 147명을 대상으로 긍정정서와 긍정정서 반응 양식, 안녕감을 측정하였고, 참가자들의 안녕감 기저선을 통제하여 변인간 관계를 확인하였다. 연구 결과, 긍정정서와 긍정정서 강화하기는 안녕감의 증가를 유의하게 예측하였으나, 긍정정서 가라앉히기는 안녕감을 유의하게 예측하지 못하였다. 또한 긍정정서와 안녕감의 관계를 긍정정서 강화하기가 부분적으로 매개하였으며, 긍정정서 강화하기와 안녕감의 관계를 긍정정서가 완전 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이로써 긍정정서와 긍정정서 강화하기는 서로 영향을 주고 받음으로써 안녕감을 증진시키는 호혜적 관계임을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 상담 실제에 대한 시사점과 연구의 제한점을 논하였다.
The present study examined the effects of positive affect and the response styles to positive affect(enhancing and dampening) on well-being. Based on Fredrickson’s (1998) ‘Broaden-and-Build theory’, we hypothesized that positive affect and response styles of positive affect predict well-being, and there is reciprocal effects between of predictors on well-being. Using a short-term longitudinal study, 147 undergraduate and graduate students completed measures of positive affect, responses to positive affect, and well-being. The results showed positive affect and enhancing positive affect predict increased well-being, but not dampening. Moreover, mediational analyses showed that positive affect and enhancing positive affect reciprocally predict one another. We discussed implications for practice of counseling and limitations of the study.
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