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ISSN : 2287-8327

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Vol.30 No.1
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Anti-Predator of Black-Tailed Gull (Larus crassirostris) Flocks to Alarm Calls during the Post-Breeding Season

Journal of Ecology and Environment / Journal of Ecology and Environment, (P)2287-8327; (E)2288-1220
2007, v.30 no.1, pp.9-15





& (2007). Anti-Predator of Black-Tailed Gull (Larus crassirostris) Flocks to Alarm Calls during the Post-Breeding Season. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 30(1), 9-15.
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Abstract

Black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) produce alarm calls apparently related to their anti-predatorbehaviors, but the hypothesis that the calls are actually used as functionally referential alarm signals has not yet been tested. In this study, we performed a series of experiments using visual (a stuffed goshawk: Accipiter gentilis) and acoustic (alarm calls and a control vocalization) stimuli at 15 sites in Sinjindo-ri and Dowhang-ri, Taean-gun, Chungnam province to examine anti-predator responses of the gulls to alarm calls in playback trials. We found that the gulls visual recognition of a perched hawk model in the absence of alarm vocalizations was weak or absent because the model was noticed in only two out of 16 trials. The gulls responses to playbacks of the alarm call only and the alarm call with a visual stimulus difered from responses to the control vocalization in latency to approach, time mobing, and the percentage of gulls responding, while the responses to alarm call only differed from alarm call with a visual stimulus in latency to first fly, latency to call, and time mobbing. The behaviors that are intensified when a predator is detected visually.

keywords
Alarm call, Avian comunication, Black-tailed Gull, Larus crassirostris, MobingPark, Shi-Ryong et al. J. Ecol. Field Biol. 30 (1) 10is required to demonstrate that the signals are functionally referen-tial. In this study, we examined the role of a si, Alarm call, Avian comunication, Black-tailed Gull, Larus crassirostris, MobingPark, Shi-Ryong et al. J. Ecol. Field Biol. 30 (1) 10is required to demonstrate that the signals are functionally referen-tial. In this study, we examined the role of a si

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