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- KOREAN
- P-ISSN2287-8327
- E-ISSN2288-1220
- SCOPUS, KCI
ISSN : 2287-8327
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e-SubmissionVol.27 No.1
Abstract
With the emergence and development of ecological engineering in China, and also the research and demonstration of Chinese Ecological Agriculture (CEA), in recent 10 years many types of ecological engineering have been appeared in Southern China, they could be classified into 4 typical patterns. These typical patterns are: 1. Ecological Building (EB), such as ecological public toilet, ecological garden, ecological integrated building, farmers ecological household, the combine of ecological building and CEA; 2. Ecological Engineering in Paddy Field (EEPF), like rice-fish system, water caltrop-wild ricestem-fish system, mulberry-silkworm-pig-fish system; 3. Ecological Engineering of Agroforestry Systems (EEAF), as tea-food crops intercropping system, rubber-tea-chicken system, bamboo-chicken system, fruit tree-chicken system, metasequoia-fish-duck system; 4. Ecological Engineering Linked with Biogas (EELB), such as animal (pig)-biogas-fish system, animal (pig)-biogasfruit tree system, animal-biogas-food crops system. Some case studies were presented in the paper. It is showed that these typical patterns have better ecological, social and economic benefits, now they are deeply been extending in southern China.
Abstract
Dams are distributed widely in all over the world. China is one of the countries which have the most dams in the world. The construction of dams promotes consumedly to the development of economy and society, at the same time, brings many ecological and social problems. In China, the landscape ecological changes are caused by the construction of dams. These changes are long term or short term, and some of these changes are positive, others are negative. Solving these issues need do a lot of circumspect work in location choosing, planning and designing, practicing and protection of the up reservoir basin and the whole basin and so on. The construction of dams should be implemented by reasonable landscape planning, ecological environment protection in order to realize sustainable development.
Abstract
Understanding farmer household and community management of crop diversity is necessary in order to effectively strengthen the local plant genetic resources management system in Vietnam. Assessment and management for distribution of farmer s cultivars of rice, taro and tropical tree species were conducted in four different agro-ecological zones in Vietnam using participatory approaches, focus surveys, diversity fairs, agro-morphological field trials, isozyme analysis to understand why Vietnamese farmers grow diverse types of these crop cultivars, when and where these crops cultivars are grown and how farmers maintain and use them. Results showed significant differences in the extent, distribution and use pattern crop cultivars diversity in contrasting environments and between community farmer households. Seed system is an important role in the access and use of diversity in eco-geographical regions.
Abstract
Cryptomeria japonica plantation was monitored every year during 15 years from 1983 to 1997 for stem diameter and volume. The reciprocal equation, 1Y= A + BN , was applied to the relationship between cumulative volume Y and cumulative number N from the largest tree in the stand each year. The parameters A and B, which means respectively the reciprocal of an asymptotic value of total stand stem volume and the reciprocal of the maximum stem volume, are related by a power function. The power functional relationship between A and B derived a linear relationship of B-points (NB, YB; NB = BA, YB = 1 2A) of each Y-N curve on log-log coordinates. The gradient of B-point line was so steep that the Y-N curve moved parallel upward year by year. The time trajectory of mean stem volume (‾w ) and density (ρ) provided evidence in favor of the 3/2 power law of self-thinning, because the gradient of ‾w -ρ trajectory on log-log coordinates approximated to -3/2 at the final stage of stand development. On the basis of the results of Y-N curves and ‾w -ρ trajectory, the time trajectory of maximum stem volume wmaxobs and ρ was derived theoretically. The gradient of wmax obs - ρ trajectory on log-log coordinates is calculated to be -0.6105 at the final stage. The gradient of wmax obs - ρ trajectory was steeper than that of ‾w -ρ trajectory at the early stage, while the former is gentler than the latter at the later stage.
Abstract
Phragmites australis is the dominant and constructive species among plant communities in the wetlands of the downstream of Yellow River, China. Its morphological characters were high variable in different habitats. Studies on Morphological and RAPD variation of 15 P. australis populations from this region showed that soil salinity was the dominant ecological factor that affected the morphological characters of P. australis. The basal diameter, height, leaf length, leaf width, internode length, internode accounts, panicle length were negatively related to salinity. 194 loci were amplified by RAPD, of which 9 loci was highly negative-related to salinity, and showed a tendency to prefer the habitats with fresh water. 4 loci were positively related to the salinity, and showed a tendency to prefer the salinized habitats. Most loci were neutral to salinity. The morphological and genetic characters of BZH were special, and the speciality should not be determined by salinity. The morphological characters were affected by genetic information and environment. The morphological characters should change gradually and continuously along environmental gradient under plasticity, but should changed continuously or not in genetic control. The relevancies among quantitive characters, ecological factors and genetic variation in natural populations still will still be a focus and difficulty of ecological genetics of P. australis in the future.
Abstract
This research was investigated to prepare basic data in a study on the copper tolerance of herbaceous plants through the growth rate and the elimination rate dependent on Cu concentration of 6 species; Commelina communis, Medicago sativa, Echinochloa frumentancea, Zea mays, Helianthus annuus and Abutilon avicennae. We examined the germination rate, root and shoot growth of seedling and fresh biomass of 6 species (Commelina communis, Medicago sativa, Echinochloa frumentancea, Zea mays, Helianthus annuus and Abutilon avicennae) palnted to Cu contaminated soil (50, 100, 200, 300-CuCl2/kg) and control for 14 days. The germination rate of H. annuus, E. frumentancea and C. communis were not affected by Cu concentration. However, root and shoot growth of H. annuus was about 7% of control and the biomass was 35% of control at 300mg-CuCl2/kg. E. frumentancea and C. communis that showed good growth rate at higher Cu contaminated soil (>200 -CuCl2/kg), were the most tolerant plant to Cu concentration. Especially, E. frumentancea eliminated over 30% of Cu in soil and the amount of Cu uptake increased with increasing Cu concentration; 1,020mg Cu per 1kg of soil at 300mg-CuCl2/kg. From these results, we concluded that E. frumentancea would be used for phytoremediation.
Abstract
To verify growth properties of Carex kobomugi, above and belowground parts of C. kobomugi were surveyed on coastal sand dune at Sinduri, Choongnam Province from April, 2001 to June 2003. The results were the same as follows. In coastal sand dune, C. kobomugi followed Elymus mollis from mean high tide line. Density of C. kobomugi was the highest at unstable sand dune and 150 plants/m2. And rates of flowering plant were 70% at unstable area and 10% at stable area. C. kobomugi is thus plant that adapted to unstable sand dune. Shoot distributed irregularly. The rhizome of C. kobomugi gradually decreased with the soil depth in unstable area, but mainly distributed to 20 ㎝ depth. New rhizome could be generated from the rhizome which was below 150 ㎝ depth or 5 years old. The number and length of new rhizome were related to biomass of previous year's shoot. That was, shoots which were below 0.5 and over 3 g/shoot in dry weight generated 1 and 5 rhizomes, respectively. And the mean lengths of rhizome from small (below 0.5 g) and large (over 3.0 g) shoots were 13.0 ㎝ and 57.6 ㎝, respectively.