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- KOREAN
- P-ISSN2287-8327
- E-ISSN2288-1220
- SCOPUS, KCI
ISSN : 2287-8327
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e-SubmissionVol.29 No.3
Abstract
This study represents the mechanism of progressive succession and potential natural vegetation onthe forest vegetation in and surrounding Daegu. As a result of DCA, the feature of comunity was determined by an altitude and humid gradients. The soil moisture, contents of organic matter and total nitrogen increased as the comunity developed. In the interspecific association analysis, the forest vegetation was divided into two species groups and they were influenced by temperature and soil moisture. Especially, each two groups showed different stages of vegetation development according to the progressive succession and life form composition supported those results. It was predicted that Quercus variabilis, Q. acutissima, Q. dentata and Pinus densiflora communities Q. serrata community or Q. mongolica community depending on their location or species composition. In the study area, the potential natural vegetation was divided into 3 comunities by biogeographical gradients such as species composition, soil environment, and geographical features: 1) Q. mongolica community in the middle-upper area of the mountain, 2) Q. serrata community in the middle-lower area of the mountain and 3) Carpinus cordata-Acer mono community in the cove area. It is suggested that the Q.mongolica and C.cordata-A. mono communities become actual vegetation and potential natural vegetation. But it is also suggested that the P. densiflora Q. mongolica community and Q. serrata community on the basis of the present species composition.
Abstract
tree growth and secure resources for sap by sap collection of Acer mono. The amounts of sap collected by taping size of 12 mm, 10 mm and 8 mm was 189 L, 140 L and 193 L, respectively. Fusion rates by tapping size were 100% for 8 mm, 89% for 10 mm and 85% for 12 m, respectively. Amount of sap by size and number of tapping were much at three, two and three tappings to small, middle and large diameter tree in case of 8 mm tapping, and it was large in quantity at two tappings of 12 mm tapping to large diameter tree, res-pectively. Trees tapped from one to three tappings of 8 mm size for small diameter tree with treatment of DB ointment (mixture of thiophane ointment and 2% bamboo charcoal powder) were completely filled up within 6 tappings and 0.47 mm for three tappings to small, midle and large diameter tree, respectively. In case of 12 m tapping size, diameter growth was fast in the order of large (0.55 mm), middle (0.30 mm) and small (0.23 m) diameter tree, respectively.
Abstract
To understand the effect of forest fragmentation on forest-dwelling birds, it is more effective toanalyze on the selected specialists than on the whole bird community. We investigated the edge preference of forest-dwelling birds to discriminate habitat specialist species in the interior and on the edge of temperate deciduous forests in central Korea. Point count and line transect census were conducted at the Gwangneung between in the interior and on the edge because of the different landscape characteristics and the high proportion of habitat generalists. Five habitat specialists in 73 bird species were identified by the differences between population densities; three forest-interior and two forest edge specialists. Asian Stubtail Warblers (Urosphena squameiceps ), Pale Thrushes (Turdus pallidus) and Coal Tits (Parus ater) were included in the forest interior group, but Black-billed Magpies (Pica pica) and Black-nape Orioles (Oriolus chinensis) were classified as the forest edge group. We suppose that a selective monitoring on patterns and changes in spatial use of these five habitat specialists is needed to estimate the effects of forest fragmentation in temperate on the point count method and line transect census to ensure the equality of data.
Abstract
Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on nutrient dynamics and litterfall production weredetermined in adjacent 41-year-old plantations of Pinus rigida Miller and Larix kaempferi Gordon on a similar soil in Yangpyeong, Gyeongggi Province. Litterfall production were significantly different among sampling dates and between the tree species, whereas it was not significantly different among the treatments. Total annual litterfall production was 6,377 kg/ha for P. rigida and 4,778 kg/ha for L. kaempferi, respectively. Litterfall nutrient concentrations of L. kaempferi were higher than those of P. rigida. For both tree species, litterfal nutrient concentrations were highest in summer when the least litterfall production occurred, and lowest in late-autumn when the greatest litterfall production occurred, except for Ca in the L. kaempferi stand. The amount of total P. rigida and L. kaempferi plantations were 24,296 kg/ha and 10,763 kg/ha, respectively. Forest flor N and P contents were 126, 10 kg/ha for P. rigida and 102, 8 kg/ha for L. kaempferi, respectively.
Abstract
directly or indirectly, where the reproductive success of the birds has been seriously reduced. Leisure activities on water, such as fishing, influenced the breeding biology of waterfowls. However, few researches have been done for this in Korea. We examined the effects of fishing activity on nest selection and density of four waterfowl species at Namyang Lake: Cot (Fulica atra), Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), Little Grebe (Podiceps ruficolis), and Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus). We divided the Namyang Lake into three study areas. Except for the number of anglers, there were no significant differences among the three study areas in the kinds of avian predators, the water depth around study areas measured for possible territorial predatory showed that waterfowls bred in Namyang Lake preferred the areas with few anglers for the nests. From this study, we recommend that leisure activities including fishing should be prohibited or restricted during the breeding periods of waterfowls for the stable breeding success and that further systematic researches and managements for the species are necessary.
Abstract
recordings from 45 males breeding in 16 deciduous forests of 6 provinces. We classified the 3,245 songs into a total of 164 song themes and 1,024 song variants according to the identification on the base of difference (lexicon) in 640 syllable compositions. Males had one to six song themes and averaged 3.5 themes. No males shared an identical song theme. Males had 5∼14 syllables (ave. 9.4) in one song theme and males increased effectively their repertoire size by changing syllable composition (i.e. adding, deleting, or substituting one or more syllables) in a single song theme. The number of variants averaged 5.1 (range 1 to 31) per song theme. Individual variability was highest in the terminal elements of the song. In PCA, the 16 populations are clearly separated on Co. I based on shared syllable and on Co. II based on unique syllable. Similarity of songs based larity declined with increasing distance among recording sites. 16 different geographical regions by the syllable were divided in UPGMA tree.
Abstract
Changes of the species diversity and developm ent of vegetation structure during abandoned fieldsuccession after shifting cultivation were investigated in Pyoungchang, Gangwon-Do, Korea. The height of top layer tended to increase rapidly during the earlier successional stages and stabilize in the later successional stage. The heights of top layer in the 10, 20, 50 and 80 year old-field were 4, 9, 18 and 18 m, respectively. In this region, thirty five year after abandonment need for the development to the normal forest formed by 4 stratum structure, tree, sub-tree, shrub and herb layer. Among the vegetation values, Ivc showed a tendency to increase logarithmically, and Hcl a tendency to increase linearly during abandoned field succession. Species diversity showed the peak in mid-successional stages (10∼Species diversity was correlated closely with the species richness than the evenness. The most woody species established in the earlier stage (2∼6 year old-field) and turned over their dominance step by step during succession. These results support the IFC model proposed by Egler (1954).
Abstract
Changes of the biomass, net primary productivity and P/B ratio during abandoned field succe-ssion after shifting cultivation were investigated in Pyoungchang, Gangwon-Do, Korea. Aboveground standing biomass of herb species showed the maximum value (3.8 ton/ha) in the 5 year old-field, and decreased thereafter. Litter dry weight was depicted as a parabola form showing the gradual increment during the first 50 years and slight decrease thereafter. Basal area tended to increase logarithmically during abandoned field succession. Tree density showed the gradual increment during the first 15 years and decreased thereafter by the self-thinning process. In the later successional stage (80 years old-field), the shoot density distribution of the tree species by DBH class showed the reverse J shaped curve and Quercus mongolica dominated. Total standing biomass increased slowly in the earlier increased rapidly during the mid-successional stages (10∼50 years old-field). Total standing biomass in the 5, 10, 20, 50 and 80 years old-fields were estimated 5, 14, 75, 251 and 373 ton/ha, respectively. Annual net primary productivity were depicted as a parabola form showing the gradual increment during the first 35 years and declined thereafter. The increment rates of the annual net primary productivity in the earlier successional stages showed the higher value than mid-successional stages. The annual net primary productivities in the 5, 10, 20, 35, 50 and 80 years old-field were estimated 8.6, 9.3, 12.9, 15.1, 13.7 and 3.6 ton/ha/yr, respectively. The estimated P/B ratio tended to decrease exponentially during abandoned field succession. The estimated results were fairly in accordance with the bioenergetics model during the forest succession projected by Odum(1969).
Abstract
For the spring ephemeral and myrmecochorous perennia, Corydalis filistipes Nakai (Fumaria-of the species were investigated with allozyme markers. Levels of genetic diversity (A=1.73, P95% = 61..2%, Ho= 0.201, He= 0.167) were relatively lower than those of other endemic species with widespread distribution range, but considerably higher than other endemic species with similar life history traits isolated in island. The moderate level of genetic diversity within subpopulations in C. filistipes is characteristic of the species with predominantly outcrossing, myrmecochorous seed dispersal by dual function of the elaisome and mode of sexual and asexual reproduction by the cleistogamy. The analysis of fixation indices showed an overall excess of heterozygotes (mean FIS=-0.1889, FIT=-variation was found among subpopulations (FST=0.0557). The strategies of reasonable conservation and management, and the maintenance mechanism of genetic diversity of Corydalis filistipes Nakai, endemic plant species in Korea were discussed.
Abstract
The objectives of this paper are to estimate home range and core habitat area of wild boresin Jirisan National Park of Korea. A radio-telemetry study was carried out on 5 wild boar individuals (3 females and 2 males). Except one individual whose enough data could not be collected, the mean home range size of 4 individuals was 5.13 km2(95% kernel) and mean core habitat area was 1.180.31 km2(50% kernel). Home-range sizes of 2 females were 6.21 km2and 5.45 km2each, and that of 2 males were 5.15 km2and 3.72 km2research. This result is presumed to have been caused by the fact that the males were sub adult individuals weighing 40 kg and 19 kg when they were captured for this research.
Abstract
The objectives of this paper are to estimate home range and core habitat area of raccoon dogliving in the rural area of Korea. A radio-telemetry study was carried out on 22 raccoon dog individuals. Among these individuals, 4 raccoon dogs made 2 pairs and they were monogamous and moved together all the year 2(100% MCP). The mean home range size of male individuals was 0.98 km2(N = 5, 100% MCP) and that of female individuals was 0.58 km2(N = 4, 100% MCP). On the other hand, in case 95% MCP(Minimum Convex Polygon) was applied, the gap of home-range size between sex distinction was closed to 0.63 km2 (male) and 0.42 km2(female). The home range size of two pairs of which the male and the female were radio-tracked at the same time showed little difference. In case of one pair, the home range size(95% MCP) was 0.28 km2(male) and 0.26 km2(female) and in case of the other pair, it was 0.36 km2each (male and female). Consequently there seems no significant difference in the home-range size between a male and a female racoon dog except the unusual cases such as unpaired individuals or the ones with no fixed territory.
Abstract
Population ecology of Cobitis tetralineata was examined at Churyeong Stream, Seomjin River,Korea. C. tetralineata inhabited on the sand botoms with 10 ∼20 cm/sec in current velocity, and 30∼150 cm in water depth. This species was active on the sand during the daylight hours from March to October, but they hibernated in the inside of the sand during the winter season. Sex ratio of female to male was 1: 0.57, and female was 20∼30 mm (TL) larger than male. The age group of C. tetralineata (female) population showed that the 20∼40 m group is 0+ years old, the 45 ∼65 mm group 1+ years old, the 65 ∼90 mm group 2+ years old, and the group longer than 90 mm over 3 years old. Males 13 ∼14 months old after hatching had lamina circularis at the base of its pectoral fin as a secondary sexual character. And in its spawning season, lateral color pattern of male was changed as a sexual dimorphism. The spawning season may be from late June to middle July, 2∼26℃ water temperature. The average number of mature eggs in ovary was about 1,288583(474∼2,976), egg diameter was about 0.980.1 mm. C. tetralineata fed mainly on Chironomidae, Arcellidae, Branchioda and Algae. The feeding rate was the highest in April and September, but they did not fed in the winter.
Abstract
We carried out pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating from sediments of Wangdeungjae moor(960 m a.s.l.) to clarify vegetation history of temperate broad-leaved deciduous forest zone of Mt. Jiri. Three local pollen zones and two sub-zones were recognized on the basis of variation in the palynofloral assemblage:
Abstract
Clear-cut followed by tree planting has been a conventional management practice in burnedforests in Korea. Because this can considerably increase soil loss, hillslope treatments may be needed in order to improve soil stability at poorly regenerating areas. This paper reviews the effects of hillslope treatments, such as seeding, mulching and log erosion barriers, which soil in burned forests in North America and Europe. Seeding has been the most comon method for postfire restoration. However, the effects of seeding on vegetation cover and soil erosion are not clear and seeding with non-native species has been reported to inhibit regeneration of native vegetation. Mulching has been found to be effective at reducing soil erosion. However, this also can introduce non-native plant species and inhibit native plant regeration. Although studies on the effect of log erosion barriers are very few, it appears that log erosion barriers are effective in the period of little rainfall. Hillslope treatments for postfire restoration is not necessary for naturally regenerating areas and therefore, they should be restricted to the areas where regeneration potential is low and runof and soil loss is considerable. Long-term monitoring is needed to asses the effectiveness of hillslope treatments on soil erosion, the introduction of non-native plant species and the inhibition of natural plant regeneration.
Abstract
Atmospheric Acid Deposition: Nitrogen Saturation of Forests: Volume weighted annual averagewet deposition of nitrogen at 33 sites in Korea during 1999-2004 ranged 7.28 to 21.05 kgNha-1yr-1with average 12.78 kgN ha-1yr-1, which values are similar level with nitrogen deposition of Europe and North America. The temperate forests that suffered long-term high atmospheric nitrogen deposition are gradually saturated with nitrogen. Such nitrogen saturated forest watersheds usually leach nitrate ion (NO3-) in stream water and soil solution. It may be likely that Korean forest ecosystems are saturated by much nitrogen system is disturbed, suffered easily frost damage and blight disease, reduced fine-root vitality and mycorrhizal activity. Consequently nitrogen saturated forests decrease primary productivity and finally become forest decline. Futhermore understory species are replaced the nitrophobous species by the nitrophilous one. In soil with nitrogen saturation uptake of methane (CH4) is reduced and emission of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are increased, which gases are greenhouse gas accelerating global warming.