바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

ISSN : 2287-8327

Article Contents

Prev Next
e-Submission

Vol.31 No.1
Citation Share

Plant Settlement Patterns and Their Effects on Breeding Sites of Little Terns (Sterna albifrons) on Sand Bars on Ganwol Lake

Journal of Ecology and Environment / Journal of Ecology and Environment, (P)2287-8327; (E)2288-1220
2008, v.31 no.1, pp.37-43
Nam, Jong Min
Jihyun Yoon


Nam,, J. M. , Jihyun, Y. , & (2008). Plant Settlement Patterns and Their Effects on Breeding Sites of Little Terns (Sterna albifrons) on Sand Bars on Ganwol Lake. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 31(1), 37-43.
  • Downloaded
  • Viewed
PDF Download

Abstract

We analyzed soil characteristics, soil seed banks, and plant communities in a small islet in Ganwol Lake from May 2005 to August 2006 to examine the forces driving plant settlement on sand bars and the effects of plant settlement patterns on nesting sites of little terns (Sterna albifrons). The soil nutrients contents in a site where the feces of wintering birds accumulate (N: 15.4 mg/kg, P: 10.5 mg/kg, LOI: 0.51%, pH: 6.8) and a site where organic sediments accumulate (N: 20.7 mg/kg, P: 16.4 mg/kg, LOI: 0.40%, pH: 6.6) were much higher those of a control site which was not affected by bird feces and organic sediments (N: 4.1 mg/kg, P: 5.4 mg/kg, LOI: 0.41%, pH: 6.7). However, a seed bank was formed only on the site with accumulated organic sediments. Plant settlement was accelerated by feces from wintering birds and organic sediment accumulation on sand bars in Ganwol Lake. The percentage of area disturbed by human activities increased from 0.2% in May 2005 to 13.9% in August 2006, and the percentage of annual communities increased from 27.5% to 43.3%, but the percentage of open area decreased from 55.2% to 28.0% from May 2005 to August 2006. These increases in disturbed area and annual communities decreased the open area for breeding of little terns. The enlargement of P. communis and T. angustata communities was suppressed by irregular flooding. These results provide useful information for the management of little tern breeding sites for conservation purposes.

keywords
Breeding site, Feces, Ganwol lake, Plant settlement, Sand bars, Sterna albifrons

Reference

1.

Boyle J. 2004. A comparison of two methods for estimating the organic matter content of sediments. J Paleolim 31: 125-127.

2.

Bray RH, Kurtz LT. 1945. Determination of total, organic and extracted forms of phosphorus in soil. Soil Sci 59: 39-45.

3.

Cho S-R. 2003. The avifauna at Chunsoo bay (Seosan A and B area). J Environ Sci 12(2): 163-170.

4.

Cho S-R, Kim J-H, Kim H-T, Kang H-Y. 2001. The summer avifauna and status of breeding birds in Seosan A․B reclaimed area. Korean J Orni 8(1): 11-22. (in Korean)

5.

Crocker RL, Dickson BA. 1956. Soil development on the recessional moranes of the Herbert and Mendenhall Glaciers, south-eastern Alaska. J Ecol 44: 169-185.

6.

Hong S-B. 1997. Fauna of water birds and breeding behavior of Little Terns and Kentish Plover in the Nakdong Estuary, R. O. Korea. (PhD thesis). Hokkaido Univ., Hokkaido.

7.

Kamphake LJ, Hannah SA, Cohen JM. 1967. Automated analysis for nitrate by hydrazine reduction. Water Res 1: 205-216.

8.

Kim JG, Ju EJ. 2005. Soil seed banks at three ecological preservation areas in Seoul. Korean J Ecol 28(5): 271-279. (in Korean)

9.

Kim JG, Nam JM, Han M. 2007. Implication of Self-thinning in Salix communities on riverine wetland restoration. J Ecol Field Biol 30(3): 251-255.

10.

Kim JG, Park JH, Choi B-J, Sim J-H, Kwon GJ, Lee BA, Lee YW, Ju EJ. 2004. Methodology of ecological investigation. Bomoondang, Seoul. (in Korean)

11.

Kim J-H. 2007. Studies on some aspects of breeding ecology of Little Terns Sterna albifrons at Ganwol lake, Korea (PhD dissertation). Kyunghee Univ., Seoul Korea. (in Korean)

12.

Kwon GJ, Lee BA, Byun CH, Nam JM, Kim JG. 2006. The optimal environmental ranges for wetland plants : I. Zizania latifolia and Typha angustifolia. J Korean Env Res & Reveg Tech 9 (1): 72-88.(in Korean)

13.

Leck MA, Graveline KJ. 1979 The seed bank of a freshwater tidal marsh. Bot 66: 1006-1015.

14.

Lee BA, Kwon GJ, Kim JG. 2007. The optimal environmental ranges for wetland plants: II. Scirpus tabernaemontani and Typha latifolia. J Ecol Field Biol 30(2): 151-159.

15.

Mueller-Dombois D, Ellenberg H. 1974. Aims and methods in vegetation ecology. Wiley, New York.

16.

Mun H-T, Kim J-H. 1985a. Studies on plant succession of sand bars at the Nagdong River estuary: I. Vegetation and soil environment. Korean J Bot 28 (1): 79-93.

17.

Mun H-T, Kim J-H. 1985b. Studies on plant succession of sand bars at the Nagdong River estuary: Ⅱ. Vegetation development and interspecific associations. Korean J Bot 28 (3): 191-198.

18.

Olson JS. 1958. Rates of succession and soil changes on southern Lake Michigan sand dunes. Bot Gaz 119: 125-170.

19.

Park JY. 2002. Current status and distribution of birds in Korea. Ph.D. Dissertation, Kyunghee Univ., Seoul Korea. (in Korean)

20.

Pye K. 1982. Negatively skewed aeolian sands from a humid tropical coastal dune field, Northern Australia. Sediment Geol 31: 249-266.

21.

Smith LM, John AK. 1983. Seed banks and their role during drawdown of a north American marsh. J Appl Ecol 20: 673-684.

22.

Solorzano L. 1969. Determination of ammonia in natural waters by the phenol hypochlorite method. Limnol Oceanogr 14: 799-801.

23.

Tomeck T. 1999. The birds of North Korea. Non-passeriformes. Acta Zool Craco 42: 166-167.

24.

Topp GC. 1993. Soil water content. In M.R. Carter. Soil Sampling and Methods of analysis. Lewis, Florida. pp. 43-49.

25.

Won PO. 1981. Fauna and Flora of Korea Vol. 25 Fauna (Avian). Samhwa Book Stock company. pp. 694-696. (in Korean)

Journal of Ecology and Environment

e-Submission OA Policy