- KOREAN
- P-ISSN2287-8327
- E-ISSN2288-1220
- SCOPUS, KCI
ISSN : 2287-8327
Ectoparasites: immature Japanese hard ticks (Ixodes nipponensis; Acari: Ixodidae) on Korean lizards
Abstract
Although lizards are important hosts for hard ticks (Ixodidae), very few studies have been conducted in South Korea. To determine whether or not hard ticks can infest lizards endemic to South Korea, we examined 77 lizards of four species (Eremias argus, Sincella vandenburghi, Takydromus amurensis, and Takydromus wolteri) that were collected at 22 different sites between April and October 2010. We confirmed that all four lizard species can be infested by Ixodes nipponensis larvae or nymphs. Of the 62 E. argus examined, we found an average of 12.5 larvae on two lizards and an average of one nymph on one lizard. We found seven nymphs on one S. vandenburghi. We found an average of two nymphs on two of the five T. amurensis and an average of one nymph on four of the nine T. wolteri. Ixodes nipponensis larvae and nymphs were found most frequently on the foreleg axillae (87.8%), followed by the forelegs (7.3%), the eyelids (2.4%),and the ears (2.4%) of the lizards. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of I. nipponensis infestations of lizards endemic to South Korea.
- keywords
- classification, ectoparasite, hard tick, Ixodidae, Japanese hard tick, lizard
Reference
Apperson CS, Levine JF, Evans TL, Braswell A, Heller J. 1993. Relative utilization of reptiles and rodents as hosts by immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in the coastal plain of North Carolina, USA. Exp Appl Acarol 17: 719-731.
Arthur DR. 1957. Studies on exotic Ixodes ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) from United States navy and army activities. J Parasitol 43: 681-694.
Bauwens D, Strijbosch H, Stumpel AHP. 1983. The lizards Lacerta agilis and L. vivipara as hosts to larvae and nymphs of the tick Ixodes ricinus. Holarct Ecol 6: 32-40.
Cho NJ, Bang DS, Cho BK, Oh YJ, Lee WK. 1991. Two cases of tick bites caused by Ixodes nipponesis. Korean J Dermatol 29: 533-537.
Dunlap KD, Schall JJ. 1995. Hormonal alterations and reproductive inhibition in male fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) infected with the malarial parasite Plasmodium mexicanum. Physiol Zool 68: 608-621.
Durden LA, Olliver JH Jr, Banks CW, Vogel GN. 2002. Parasitism of lizards by immature stages of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis (Acari, Ixodidae). Exp Appl Acarol 26: 257-266.
Eisen L, Eisen RJ, Lane RS. 2004. The roles of birds, lizards, and rodents as hosts for the western black-legged tick Ixodes pacificus. J Vector Ecol 29: 295-308.
Eum SS, Koh WS, Hur CH, Bae JJ. 2006. A survey for tick-borne disease agents from farm deer in the eastern area of Jeonbuk. Korean J Vet Serv 29: 103-110.
Fujimoto K. 2002. Effect of the prolonged time after molting on the induction of the behavioral diapause of Ixodes nipponensis nymphs (Acari: Ixodidae) by exposure to a short-day photoperiod. J Acarol Soc Jpn 11:101-103.
Fujita H, Takada N. 1978. Studies on Ixodid fauna in the northern part of Honshu, Japan: 3. Preliminary notes on Ixodes nipponensis (Ixodoidea; Ixodidae) found on the small reptile, Takydromus tachydromoides. Med Entomol Zool 29: 269-271.
Fujita H, Takada N. 1997. Collection records of immature Ixodes nipponensis and Ixodes persulcatus ticks found on the small reptile, Takydromus tachydromoides in the northeastern part of Honshu, Japan. Med Entomol Zool 48: 123-125.
Kang WH, Chang KH, Chun SI, Koh CJ, Cho BK. 1982. A case of tick bite caused by Ixodes species. Korean J Dermatol 20: 789-793.
Kim HC, Kim JH, Jo YS, Chong ST, Sames WJ, Klein TA, Robbins RG. 2009. Records of Ixodes pomeranzevi Serdyukova, 1941 (Acari: Ixodidae) from small mammals in northern Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, Republic of Korea. Syst Appl Acarol 14: 129-135.
Kim MH, Lee HP. 1989. The community structure and dynamic of parasitic mites on house rats. Korean J Ecol 12: 123-132.
Kim SH. 1970. Study on the ticks of Chejudo-life cycle. Korean J Parasitol 8: 51-57.
Kitaoka S, Saito Y. 1967. Ixodes nipponensis n. sp. (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae), a common cattle tick in Japan. Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo) 7: 74-83.
Lane RS, Quistad GB. 1998. Borreliacidal factor in the blood of the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis). J Parasitol 84: 29-34.
Lee WK. 2009. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna & Flora of Korea: Vol. 44 (Acari: Anactinotrichida). Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Seoul.
Lee WK, Lim JW, Lee SY, Lee IY. 1997. Redescription of Haemaphysalis flava and Ixodes tanuki collected from a raccoon dog in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 35: 1-8.
Main AR, Bull CM. 2000. The impact of tick parasites on the behaviour of the lizard Tiliqua rugosa. Oecologia 122: 574-581.
Matuschka FR, Fischer P, Musgrave K, Richter D, Spielman A. 1991. Hosts on which nymphal Ixodes ricinus most abundantly feed. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44: 100-107.
Noda S, Yamamoto S, Fujita H. 2004. Seasonal occurrence of Ixodid ticks in the northwestern part of Kagoshima prefecture, Japan. J Acarol Soc Jpn 13: 83-86.
Noh YT. 1965. A taxonomical study on ticks in Korea (I): the genus Ixodes. Korean J Zool 8: 73-76.
Oliver JH Jr, Cummins GA, Joiner MS. 1993. Immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing lizards from the southeastern U.S.A. J Parasitol 79: 684-689.
Ono Z. 1962. Descriptions on the immature forms of Ixodes sp., reared in the laboratory of Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan. Annu Rep Ohara Gen Hosp 6: 24-29.
Oppliger A, Célérier ML, Clobert J. 1996. Physiological and behavior changes in common lizards parasitized by haemogregarines. Parasitology 113: 433-438.
Ostfeld RS, Keesing F. 2000. Biodiversity and disease risk: the case of Lyme disease. Conserv Biol 14: 722-728.
Park D, Lee JH, Ra NY, Eom J. 2008. Male salamanders Hynobius leechii respond to water vibrations via the mechanosensory lateral line system. J Herpetol 42: 615-625.
Pough FH, Andrews RM, Cadle JE, Crump ML, Savitzky AH, Wells KD. 2004. Herpetology. 3rd ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Schall JJ, Sarni GA. 1987. Malarial parasitism and the behavior of the lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis. Copeia 1987: 84-93.
Shim JC, Yoon YH, Cho YB, Lee JY, Shin EH, Yang YC, Park JE, Lee WG, Yu HS, Park KH. 1994. Studies on the potential vector of ticks (Ixodidae) in transmitting of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) (III). Rep Natl Inst Health 31: 149-155.
Shim JC, Yoon YH, Kim CL, Cho YB, Lee JY, Shin EH, Yang YC, Baik MK, Yu WH, Yu HS, Park KH and Kim KH. 1993. Studies on the vector potential of ticks (Ixodidae) in transmitting of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) (II): vector incrimination and seasonal occurrence of Ixodes granulatus. Rep Natl Inst Health 30: 131-136.
Shim JC, Yoon YH, Kim CL, Shin EH, Yang YC, Cho YB, Lee JY. 1992. Studies on the vector of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) (I): geographical distribution and seasonal prevalence. Rep Natl Inst Health 29: 123-130.
Sonenshine DE. 1991. Biology of Ticks. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press, Madison Avenue, New York.
Sorci G, Clobert J, Michalakis Y. 1996. Costs of reproduction and cost of parasitism in the common lizard, Lacerta vivipara. Oikos 76: 121-130.
Tijsse-Klasen E, Fonville M, Reimerink JHJ, van der Sluijs AS, Sprong H. 2010. Role of sand lizards in the ecology of Lyme and other tick-borne diseases in the Netherlands. Parasite Vector 3: 42-53.
Václav R, Prokop P, Fekiač V. 2007. Expression of breeding coloration in European green lizards (Lacerta viridis): variation with morphology and tick infestation. Can J Zool 85: 1199-1206.
Yamaguti N, Tipton VJ, Keegan HL, Toshioka S. 1971. Ticks of Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands. Brigham Young Univ Sci Bull Biol Ser 15: 1-226.
Yoneda Y. 1981. Additional report of Ixodes nipponensis found on the small reptile, Takydromus tachydromoides, in Kyushu. Med Entomol Zool 32: 82-83.
Yoon SY, Kim KH, Suhr KB, Cho BK, Nam IH, Lee WK, Lee JH, Park JK. 1996. A case of tick bite caused by Haemaphysalis flava. Korean J Dermatol 34: 326-330.
Yun SK, Ko GB, Chon TH. 2001. Tick bite: report of a case and review of Korean cases. Korean J Dermatol 39: 891-895.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations