Analysis for the relationship of environmental factors and vegetation structure at natural streamside valley and riparian forest in South Korea
장래하 (공주대학교)
유영한 (공주대학교)
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
Abstract
We classified the streamside plant community by phyto-sociological method and analyzed the relationship between environment factors and vegetation structure by using the classification and ordination method. We found that twenty one plant communities were classified according to dominant species at the natural streamside valley forest with surveying the 65 quadrats (10 m × 10 m). From the survey results, the hardwood plant communities were classified as streamside valley forest and the softwood plant communities as riparian forest according to the degree of flooding. The valley forest had a distribution of 17 plant communities which was 65% (42 quadrats) of 65 quadrats: Maackia amurensis community, Betula davurica community, Quercus variabilis community, Pinus densiflora community, Q. serrata community, Prunus sargentii community, and Meliosma oldhamii community etc. The riparian forest had a distribution of four plant communities which was 35% (23 quadrats) of 65 quadrats: Salix koreensis community, S. rorida community, S. purpurea var. japonica community, and S. glandulosa community, etc. From the two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) analysis, we found indicator species Oplismenus undulatifolius and Lindera obtusiloba for the streamside valley forest and Humulus japonicus, Phragmites japonica, and S. koreensis for the riparian forest. From the results of the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), coordinates, altitude, and stream structure showed low correlation to the distribution of the plant community. Therefore, it seemed that valley forest and riparian forest were distinguished by the stream gradient and waterway width which determined by the stream water level.
- keywords
- CCA, hardwood forest, indicator species, softwood forest, TWINSPAN
참고문헌
Ahn YH, Yang YC, Chun SH. 2001. A study on the distribution patterns of Salicaceae species at the An-sung stream -refered to Woldongcheon, Yokjungcheon, Joyoungcheon and Gisolcheon-. Korean J Environ Ecol 15: 213-223.
Bittmann E. 1965. Grundlagen und Methoden des biologischen Wasserbaus. In: Bundesanstalt f. Gewaesserkunde (Hrsg.): Der biologische Wasserbau an den Bundesstrassen. Stuttgart.
Braun-Blanquet J. 1964. Pflanzensoziologie. 3rd ed. Springer Verlag, Wien.
Cho KH, Kim JA, Lee HHM, Kwon OB. 2001. Status of riparian vegetation and implication for restoration in the Seunggi Stream, Incheon. J Korean Environ Res Reveg Tech 4: 62-73.
Eom AH, Cho YC, Shin HC, Lee CS. 2004. Analyses of landscape and vegetation and ecological suggestion for the conservation of Mt. Songnisan National Park, Central Korea. Korean J Ecol 27: 185-192.
Glavac V. 1996. Vegetationsökologie: Grundfragen, Aufgaben, Methoden. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena.
Han SJ, Kim HJ, You YH. 2009. Selection on tolerant oak species to water flooding for flood plain restoration. J Wetl Res 11: 1-7.
Han YS, Kim HR, Han SJ, Jeong JK, Lee SH, Jang RH, Cho KT, Kang TG, You YH. 2013. Studies on β-diversity for high plant community turnover in flood plain restoration. J Wetl Res 15: 501-508.
Hauer FR, Lamberti GA. 1996. Methods in stream ecology. Academic Press, London.
Hill MO. 1973. Reciprocal averaging: an eigenvector method of ordination. J Ecol 61: 237-249.
Hill MO. 1979. TWINSPAN: A FORTRAN program for arranging multivariate data in an ordered two-way table by classification of the individuals and attributes. Cornell University. Ithaca, NY.
Hupp CR, Osterkamp WR. 1996. Riparian vegetation and fluvial geomorphic processes. Geomorphology 14: 277-295.
Ishikawa S. 1982. Ecological studies of the floodplain willow forests in the Tohoku district. Res Rep Koji Univ Nat Sci 31: 95-104.
Jang KK, Song HK, Kim SD. 1997. Study on classification of Quercus mongolica forests in Kangwon-do by phytosociological method and TWINSPAN. J Korean For Soc 86: 214-222.
Jin GJ, Yan T, Kim JH. 2002. The interpretation of community structure for the natural deciduous forest of Mt. Chumbong classified by TWINSPAN. J Korean For Soc 91: 523-534.
Karrenberg S, Blaser S, Kollmann J, Speck T, Edwards PJ. 2003. Root anchorage of saplings and cuttings of woody pioneer species in a riparian environment. Funct Ecol 17: 170-177.
Kil BS, Kim JU, Kim YS. 2000. Forest vegetation of southern area of Mt. Naejang National Park, Korea. Korean J Ecol 23: 231-240.
Kim CH. 1992. A study on the structure of forest vegetation and the secondary succession in Togyusan National Park, Korea. PhD dissertation. Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
Kim EJ, Kang JG, Yeo HK, Kim JT. 2014. Study on flooding tolerance of Salix species for ecological restoration of the river. J Wetl Res 16: 327-333.
Kim HJ, Lee JH. 1998. A study on the Salix’s biotechnical application. J Korean Inst Landsc Archit 26: 143-151.
Kim HJ, Shin BK, You YH. 2011. A study on the planning of riparian forest in flood plain, Korea. Korean J Environ Ecol 25: 189-210.
Kim HJ, Shin BK, You YH, Kim CH. 2008. A study on the vegetation of the present-day potential natural state of water for flood plain restoration in South Korea. Korean J Environ Ecol 22: 564-594.
Kim TJ. 2008. Wild flowers and resources plants in Korea. Seoul National University Press. Seoul.
Koh JK, Cho YH. 2002. A study of plant sociology on the Nakdong river riparian vegetation. Basic Sci Res Inst Kyungsan Univ 6: 55-76.
Lee CS, Oh JM, Lee NJ. 2003. River environment and riparian plant: Management of conservation and vegetation. Donghwa Technology, Seoul.
Lee HH, Han W, Kim DI, Jeong SJ, Kim YS. 1996. Global environment system (I): topograghy·weather. Kyohaksa, Seoul.
Lee IS, Lee PH, Son SG, Kim CS, Oh KH. 2001. Distribution and community structure of Salix species along the environmental gradients in the Nam - River watershed. Korean J Ecol 24: 289-296.
Lee KB, Kim CH, Lee DB, Kim JG, Park CW, Na SY. 2003. Species diversity of riparian vegetation by soil chemical properties and water quality in the upper stream of Mankyeong River. Korean J Environ Agric 22: 100-110.
Lee KS, Cho DS. 2000. Relationships between the spatial distribution of vegetation and microenviromnent in a temperate hardwood forest in Mt. Jrnbong biosphere reserve area, Korea. Korean J Ecol 23: 241-253.
Lee MJ, Song HK, Yee S. 2000. Study on classification of forest vegetation of songinbong and taeharyong in Ullungdo-with a special reference to TWINSPAN and phytosociological method-. Kor J Environ Ecol 14: 57-66.
Lee PH, Kim CS, Kim TG, Oh KH. 2005. Vegetation structure of Hwangjeong wetland around Geumho river. J Korean Wetl Soc 7: 67-79.
Lee TB. 2003. Coloured Flora of Korea. Hyangmoonsa, Seoul.
Lee YK. 2004. Syntaxonomy and synecology of the riparian vegetation in South Korea. PhD dissertation. Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
Lee YK, Kim JW. 2005. Riparian vegetation of South Korea. Keimyung University Press, Daegu.
National Institute of Environmental Research. 2014. Assessment for health condition of aquatic ecosystems using the vegetation. National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon.
Niiyama K. 1987. Distribution of salicaceous species and soil texture of habitats along the ISHIKARI river. Jpn J Ecol 37: 163-174.
Niiyama K. 1990. The role of seed dispersal and seedling traits in colonization and coexistence of Salix species in a seasonally flooded habitat. Ecol Res 5: 317-331.
Odum HT. 1983. Systems ecology: an introduction. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
Oh HS, Cui CB, Choi HT, Kim SH, Jeon MS, Harn SS. 2004. Antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of Acer ginnala Max. bark extracts. Korean J Food Preserv 11: 550-556.
Ottenbreit KA, Staniforth RJ. 1992. Life cycle and age structure of ramets in an expanding population of Salix exigua (sandbar willow). Can J Bot 70: 1141-1146.
Song HK, Kwon KW, Lee DK, Jang KK, Woo IS. 1992. The analysis of vegetation - environment relationships of Mt. Jungwangsan by TWINSPAN (two-way indicator species analysis) and DCCA (detrended canonical correspondence analysis) ordination. J Korean For Soc 81: 247-254.
Song JS. 2008. A Synecological Study of the Riverside Vegetation of the Upper Stream of Nakdong River, Korea -Forest and Shrub Vegetation-. Korean J Environ Ecol 22: 443-452.
Ter Braak CJF. 1986. Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology 67: 1167-1179.
Vannote RL, Minshall GW, Cummins KW, Sedell JR, Cushing CE. 1980. The river continuum concept. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 37: 130-137.
Yun CW, Hong SC. 2000. Quantitative analysis of vegetation types in Pinus densiflora for. erecta forest. Korean J Ecol 23: 281-291.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수