- Apply for Authority
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN2287-8327
- E-ISSN2288-1220
- SCOPUS, KCI
ISSN : 2287-8327
The changes of soil salinity in the Pinus densiflora forest after seawater spread using a fire-fight helicopter
Kyu-Sang Koo (Korea Forest Research Institute)
- Downloaded
- Viewed
Abstract
The east coast of the Korean Peninsula is susceptible to fires because of the low rainfall in winter and spring, and large forest fires have occurred in this area. Lack of fresh water to combat fires has hampered efforts to prevent widespread forest fires in this region. Seawater has not been used as a suppressant because of possible detrimental effects of salt. We investigated the mobility of saline water in the forest soil and their effect on the microbial activity. Using a fire-fighting helicopter, seawater was sprayed over three plots (50 × 100 m) located on the eastern slope of the Baekdu mountain range in South Korea in April, 2011. We sampled the soil in April 4, May 20, and August 5 to determine the amount of salt that remained in the soil. The electrical conductivity value of the soil decreased to <400 μS/cm over a 1-month period. Approximately, four months after the application of seawater, the electrical conductivity value and Na+ content in all treatment plots did not significantly differ to those of the control plot, and total microbial activity also recovered to that of the control. Our results indicate that the amount of rainfall, soil physical-chemical properties, and topological factors may be a critical factor determining the mobility of saline water in forest soil.
- keywords
- fire-fight helicopter, forest fire, microbial activity, saline water, soil properties, soil salinity
Reference
Allen JA, Chambers JL, Stine M. 1994. Prospects for increasing the salt tolerance of forest trees: a review. Tree Physiol 14: 843-853.
Asghar HN, Setia R, Marschner P. 2012. Community composition and activity of microbes from saline soils and non-saline soils respond similarly to changes in salinity. Soil Biol Biochem 47: 175-178.
Bae TH, Lee SY, Son JH. 2013. Study on ground water drop pattern and coverage level by helicopter. J Korean Inst Fire Sci Eng 27: 54-61.
Brady NC, Weil RR. 2010. Elements of the nature and properties of soils. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Brown DJ, Nowlin WH, Ozel E, Mali I, Episcopo D, Jones MC, Forstner MRJ. 2014. Comparison of short term low, moderate, and high severity fire impacts to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem components of a southern USA mixed pine/hardwood forest. For Ecol Manag 312: 179-192.
Calabri G. 1983. Fighting fires in Mediterranean forests. http://www.fao.org/docrep/q2570e/q2570e03.htm. Accessed 26 June 2015.
Cater MR, Gregorich EG. 2007. Soil sampling and methods of analysis. In: Mehlich-3 extractable elements (Ziadi N, Tran TS, eds). CRC press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 81-88.
Choung Y. 2002. Forest fires and vegetation responses in Korea. In: Ecology of Korea (Lee D, Jin V, Choe JC, Son Y, Yoo S, Lee HY, Hong SK, eds). Bumwoo Publishing Co., Seoul, pp 119-137.
Choung Y, Lee BC, Cho JH, Lee KS, Jang IS, Kim SH, Hong SK, Ju HC, Choung HL. 2004. Forest responses to the largescale east coast fires in Korea. Ecol Res 19: 43-54.
Cousens RD, Brown RW, McBratney AB, Whelan B, Moerker M. 2002. Sampling strategy is important for producing weed maps: a case study using kriging. Weed Sci 50: 542-546.
Day PR. 1965. Particle fractionation and particle-size analysis. In C.A.Black et al (ed.) Methods of soil analysis, Part 1. Agron 9: 545-567.
Dowden HGM, Lambert MJ, Truman R. 1978. Salinity damage to Norfolk Island pines caused by surfactants. II. Effects of sea water and surfactant mixtures on the health of whole plants. Funct Plant Biol 5: 387-395.
Green VS, Stott DE, Diack M. 2006. Assay for fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity: optimization for soil samples. Soil Biol Biochem 38: 693-701.
Greenway H, Munns R. 1980. Mechanisms of salt tolerance in non-halophytes. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 31: 149-190.
John B. 2004. A comparison of two methods for estimating the organic matter content of sediments. J Paleolimnol 31: 125-127.
Kelsey P, Hootman R. 1990. Soil resource evaluation for a group of sidewalk street tree planters. J Arboric 16: 113-117.
Khan MA, Gulzar S. 2003. Light, salinity, and temperature effects on the seed germination of perennial grasses. Am J Bot 90: 131-134.
KMA. 2013. Annual climatological report. Korea Meteorological Administration: Seoul. (in Korean)
Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources. 2015. Geologic maps. https://mgeo.kigam.re.kr/map/geology.jsp. Accessed 27 June 2015.
Kotuby-Amacher J, Koenig R, Kitchen B. 1997. Salinity and plant tolerance. Electronic publication AG-SO-03, Utah State University Extension Logan, UT.
Lewis WM. 1974. Effects of fire on nutrient movement in a South Carolina pine forest. Ecology 55: 1120-1127.
Maas EV. 1993. Salinity and citriculture. Tree Physiol. 12: 195-216.
Mavi MS, Marschner P. 2013. Salinity affects the response of soil microbial activity and biomass to addition of carbon and nitrogen. Soil Res 51: 68-75.
Moody JA, Shakesby RA, Robichaud PR, Cannon SH, Martin DA. 2013. Current research issues related to postwildfire runoff and erosion processes. Earth Sci Rev 122: 10–37.
Munns R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell Environ 25: 239-250.
Pathak H, Rao DLN. 1998. Carbon and nitrogen mineralization from added organic matter in saline and alkali soils. Soil Biol Biochem 30: 695-702.
Pausas JG, Llovet J, Rodrigo A, Vallejo R. 2009. Are wildfires a disaster in the Mediterranean basin?–A review. Int J Wildland Fire 17: 713-723.
Pezeshki SR, DeLaune RD, Patrick WH. 1990. Flooding and saltwater intrusion: potential effects on survival and productivity of wetland forests along the US Gulf Coast. For Ecol Manag. 27: 41-51.
Rengel Z. 1992. The role of calcium in salt toxicity. Plant Cell Environ. 15: 625-632.
Rietz DN, Haynes RJ. 2003. Effects of irrigation-induced salinity and sodicity on soil microbial activity. Soil Biol Biochem 35: 845-854.
Ro DK, Gong JS, Lee SH, Kim CM, Kim JC, Seo SA, Paek JH, Kim SH, Sim WB, Son YM, Lee WK. 2000. Damage of forests in the East Coast Fires. In: Report of the East Coast Fires in 2000 (I), The Joint Association for the Investigation of the East Coast Fires, Seoul, pp 27–29. (in Korean)
Shannon MC. 1979. In quest of rapid screening techniques for plant salt tolerance. HortScience 14: 587-589.
Shin SS, Park SD, Lee KS. 2012. Sediment and hydrological response to vegetation recovery following wildfire on hill slopes and the hollow of a small watershed. J Hydrol 499: 154-166.
Tavakkoli E, Rengasamy P, McDonald GK. 2010. High concentrations of Na+ and Cl– ions in soil solution have simultaneous detrimental effects on growth of faba bean under salinity stress. J Exp Bot 61: 4449-4459.
Tripathi S, Kumari S, Chakraborty A, Gupta A, Chakrabarti K, Bandyapadhyay BK. 2006. Microbial biomass and its activities in salt-affected coastal soils. Biol Fertil Soils 42: 273-277.
Yuan BC, Li ZZ, Liu H, Gao M, Zhang YY. 2007. Microbial biomass and activity in salt affected soils under arid conditions. Appl Soil Ecol 35: 319-328.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations