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자아통제는 자신의 장기적인 목표를 달성하는 데 방해되는 행동을 억제하는 것을 의미한다. 개인에 따라 지니고 있는 자아통제 역량은 차이가 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 자아통제 상황에서 자아통제력이 높은 사람들의 활용하는 생각하는 방법에 대하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 구체적인 생각하는 방법으로 결과중심과 과정중심으로 구분되는 심적 시뮬레이션에 주목하였다. 본 연구에서는 자아통제 상황에서 자아통제력이 높은 사람일수록 과정중심 심적 시뮬레이션보다 결과중심 심적 시뮬레이션을 더 할 것으로 예상하였다. 그리고 자아통제가 요구되는 상황에서 결과중심 심적 시뮬레이션을 활성화 시키는 것이 과정중심 심적 시뮬레이션을 활성화 시키는 것보다 자아통제에 더 효과적일 것으로 예상하였다. 또한 심적 시뮬레이션이 자아통제에 미치는 영향을 예상된 후회가 매개할 것으로 예상하였다. 이를 검증하기 위하여 3번의 실험연구를 실시하였다. 연구 1에서는 개인의 자아통제력과 자아통제 상황에서 활용하는 심적 시뮬레이션 유형 사이의 관계를 살펴보았다. 개인의 자아통제력을 측정하고 자아통제 상황에서 활용하는 심적 시뮬레이션 유형을 측정하였다. 연구결과, 자아통제력이 높을수록 결과중심 심적 시뮬레이션을 과정중심 심적 시뮬레이션보다 더 활용하는 것으로 나타났다. 실험 2와 3에서는 조작에 의해 활성화된 심적 시뮬레이션이 자아통제에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 실험 설계는 2(심적 시뮬레이션 유형: 결과중심 vs. 과정중심)의 집단 간 실험설계 하였다. 실험 2에서는 자아통제 상황과 관련 없는 과업을 통해 참가자의 심적 시뮬레이션을 조작하였고, 실험 3에서는 자아통제 상황과 연결하여 참가자의 심적 시뮬레이션을 조작하였다. 연구 결과, 결과중심 심적 시뮬레이션 집단이 과정중심 심적 시뮬레이션 집단보다 자아통제를 더 잘하는 것으로 나타났고, 예상된 후회가 이를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다.
Self-control refer to restraining behavior that interferes with individuals from achieving their long-term goals. Individuals have different self-control ability. This study investigates the mind set of individuals with high self-control ability in the context of self-control dilemma, especially focusing on mental simulation (Outcome-focused vs. Process-focused). We predicted that in self-control dilemma, individuals with high self-control might more likely utilize Outcome-focused mental simulation for self-control than Process-focused mental simulation, and activated Outcome-focused mental simulation might be more effective on self-control than activated Process-focused mental simulation. In addition, we predicted anticipated regret might mediate the effect of mental simulation on self-control. To test hypotheses, this study conducted 3 experiments. In Experiment 1, we examined the relation between individuals’ self-control level and types of mental simulation to utilize in self-control dilemma. Results showed that high self-control individuals used more Outcome-focused mental simulation than Process-focused. In Experiment 2 and 3, we examined the effect of mental simulation on self-control with between subject design(mental simulation: Outcome vs. Process focused). We manipulated participants’ mental simulation type in Experiment 2 with unrelated task with self-control dilemma and in Experiment 3 with related task. As we predicted, individuals activating Outcome-focused mental simulation did better self-control than Process-focused. and we found out the mediating effect of anticipated regret.
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