open access
메뉴
open access
메뉴
ISSN : 1225-3480
To evaluate the culture conditions in oyster-farming waters, chemical and biological measurements were made in seawater and oysters from six bays around Tongyeong inNovember and December 2003. Nutrient levels in the seawater were higher in the western area than in the eastern area, in ontrast to particulate organic matter and dissolved oxygen levels. The mean total olycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (ΣPAH) content of the oysters was 194.5 –375.9 ng/g dry weight, with four-ring compounds constituting 34.1%–79.6% of PAH. Despite wide temporal variations, a "western > eastern" spatial distribution of PAH was apparent. These low concentrations of PAHs indicate that Tongyeong waters are pristinein terms of PAH contamination. Among the hemocytic biomarkers, only lysosomal activity was significantly reduced in Hansan-Goje Bay, but did not correlate closely with PAH content. This finding indicates that the impact of PAH on cultured oysters is negligible around Tongyeong waters.
APHA (1989) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 17th ed. American Public Health Association, New York, USA.
Baumard, P., Budzinski, H. and Garrigues, P. (1998) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments and mussels of the western Mediterranean Sea. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, 17:765–776.
Cho, C.H. (1979) Mass mortalities of oyster due to red tide in Jinhae Bay in 1978. Bulletin of the Korean Fisheries Society, 12:27–23.
Choi, J.Y. (2000) Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine organisms and sediments from the intertidal zone of Yellow Sea, Korea. M.S. Thesis, Korea Maritime University, Pusan, Korea.
Dolbear, F. (1979) Dynamic assay of enzyme activities in single cells by flow cytometry. Jouranl of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, 27:1644–1646.
Doong, R.A. and Lin, Y.T. (2004) Characterization and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminations in surface sediment and water from Gao-ping River, Taiwan. Water Research, 38:1733–1744.
Götz, R., Bauer, O.H., Friesel, P. and Roch, K. (1998) Organic trace compounds in the water of the River Elbe near Hamburg. Chemosphere, 36:2103–2118.
Gyeongnam Province (1997) Estimation of carrying capacity in Goseung Bay, Korea. Technical report of Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Korea.
Hielm, S., Tuominen, P., Aarnisalo, K., Raaska, L. and Maijala R. (2006) Attitudes towards own-checking and HACCP plans among finnish food industry employees. Food Control, 17:402–407.
James, M.O. (1989) Biotransformation and disposition of PAH in aquatic invertebrates. In: U. Varanasi, editor. Metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment.CRC Press, Florida, pp. 69-92.
Jeong, W.G.. (1998) Studies on proper management of oyster farms in Pukmna Bay, Korea. Ph.D. thesis, Cheju National University, Cheju. Korea.
Kang, C.K., Lee, P.Y., Kim, P.J. and Choi. H.G. (1993) Daily variation of particulate organic carbon in Wonmun Bay on the south coast of Korea in late summer. Bulletin of the Korean Fisheries Society, 26:279–287.
Kavouras, I.G., Koutrakis, P., Tsapakis, M., Lagoudaki, E., Stephanou, E.G., Bacr, D.V. and Wong, P.K. (2001) Source apportionment of urban particulate aliphatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using multivariate methods. Environmental Science & Technology, 35:2288–2294.
Khim, J.S., Kannan, K., Villeneuve, D.L., Koh, C.-H. and Giesy, J.P. (1999) Characterization and distribution of trace organic contaminants in sediment from Masan bay, Korea. 1. Instrumental analysis. Environmental Science & Technology, 33:4199–4205.
Kim, S.S., Choi, H.G., Lee, P.Y., Moon, H.B., Jeong, S.R. and Ok, G.. (2001)Monitoring of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments and organisms from Korean Coast. Journal of Fisheries Science & Technology, 4:219–228.
Korean Ministry of Environment (1999) Marine environmental monitoring and assessment technology. Technical Report of Institute of Environmental Protection and Safety, Seoul, Korea.
Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (1999) Development of monitoring methods for mariculture farm. Technical Report of KORDI, BSPG 98292-00-1196-3, Ansan, Korea.
Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (2003) A study on the management model for environmental pollution ofspecial management area in Namhae (1): Gwangyang Bay study. Technical Report of KORDI, BSPE 836-001577-7, Ansan, Korea.
Lee, K.S., Noh, I. Lim, C.S. and Chu, S.D. (1998) The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Oysters from the intertidal and subtidal zones of Chinhae Bay, Korea. Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society, 2:57–68.
Lee, P.Y. (1992) Occurrence and seasonal variation of oxygen-deficient water mass in Wonmun Bay. MS thesis, National Fisheries University of Busan, Busan, Korea.
Lowe, D.M, Moore, M.N. and Evans, B.M. (1992) Contaminant impact on interaction of molecular probes with lysosome in living hepatocytes from dab Limanda limnada. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 19:1–6.
Ministry of Marine Affair and Fisheries (1999) Development of monitoring methods for Mariculture farm. Technical report of KORDI, BSPG 98292-00-1196-3. Ansan, Korea.
Moon, H.-B., Choi, H.-G., Kim, S.-S. and Lee, P.-Y. (2001) Level and origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Ulsan Bay, Korea. Environmental Sciences Bulletin of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society, 10:113–119.
Moon, H.B., Lee, S.J. and Park, J.S. (2004)Dietary intake and potential health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) via various Marine Organisms in Korea. Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 7:141–147.
Moon, S.-H., Lee, M.-G. and Kam, S.-K. (2003)Distribution of origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Surface sediments inside Hallim Harbor of Jeju Island, Korea. Journal of the Environmental Science, 12:1145–1157.
Moon, S.-H., Lee, Y.-D., Lee, M.-G.. and Kam, S.-K. (2005) Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments inside Songsanpo and Seogwipo Harbors of Jeju Island, Korea. Journal of the Environmental Science, 14:105 –119.
Nam, S.M. (2001) Distributional characteristics of dissolved organic, inorganic matters and PAHs in the Youngil and Onsan estuaries. MS thesis, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (2003)Sanitary Survey of the Designated Area of Shellfish Production for Export. Technical Report of South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, 11-1520671-000008-12. Pusan, Korea.
Noh, I. and Lee, K.-S. (2000)The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mussels and oysters from the intertidal zones of Chinhae Bay, Korea. Bulletin of Korean Environmental Science Society, 9:121–134.
Oros D.R. and Ross, J.R.M. (2005) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bivalves from the San Francisco estuary: Spatial distributions, temporal trends and sources (1993–2001). Marine Environmental Research, 60: 466–488.
Soclo, H.H., Garrigues, P.H. and Ewald, M. (2000) Origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal marine sediments: case studies in Cotonou (Benin) and Aquitaine (France) areas. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40:387–396.
Xing, J., Zhan, W.B. and Zhou, L. (2002) Endoenzymes associated with haemocyte types in the scallop (Chlamys farreri). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 13:271–278.
Yim, U.H. (1998) Contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Masan Bay, Korea. MS thesis. Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Yunker, M.B., Macdonald, R.W., Vingarzan, R., Mitchell, R.H., Goyette, D. and Sylvestre, S. (2002) PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition, Organic Geochemistry, 33:489–515.