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- E-ISSN 2288-8985
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Chemical characteristics of wet precipitation in urban and mountainous sites of Jeju Island
Analytical Science and Technology / Analytical Science and Technology, (P)1225-0163; (E)2288-8985
2020, v.33 no.1, pp.33-41
https://doi.org/10.5806/AST.2020.33.1.33
(Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University)
(Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University)
(Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University)
(Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University)
(Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University)
(Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University)
(Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University)
(Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University)
(Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University)
Jun-Oh,
B.
, Jung-Min,
S.
, Sook-Young,
P.
, Hee-Ju,
K.
, &
Chang-Hee,
K.
(2020). Chemical characteristics of wet precipitation in urban and mountainous sites of Jeju Island. Analytical Science and Technology, 33(1), 33-41, https://doi.org/10.5806/AST.2020.33.1.33
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Abstract
Wet precipitation samples were collected in Jeju City and Mt. Halla-1100 site (a site at an altitude of 1100 m on Mt. Halla) during 2011−2013, and their major ionic species were analyzed to examine the chemical composition and characteristics. A comparison of ion balance, electric conductivity, and acid fraction of precipitation revealed correlation coefficients in the range of r = 0.950~0.991, thereby implying the high quality of analytical data. Volume-weighted mean pH and electric conductivity corresponded to 4.86 and 25.5 μS/cm for Jeju City, and 4.98 and 15.1 μS/cm for Mt. Halla-1100 site, respectively. Ionic strengths of the wet precipitation in Jeju City and Mt. Halla-1100 site corresponded 0.3 ± 0.5 and 0.2 ± 0.2 mM, respectively, thereby indicating that more than 30 % of total precipitation was within a pure precipitation criteria. The precipitation with a pH range of 4.5 − 5.0 corresponded to 40.8 % in Jeju City, while the precipitation with a pH range of 5.0 − 5.5 corresponded to 56.9 % in Mt. Halla-1100 site, thereby indicating slightly more weak acidity than that in Jeju city. The volume-weighted mean concentration (μeq/L) of ionic species was in the order of Na+ > Cl− > nss-SO4 2− > NO3 − > Mg2+ > NH4 + > H+ > nss-Ca2+ > PO4 3− > K+ > CH3COO− > HCOO− > NO2 − > F− > HCO3 − > CH3SO3 − at Jeju City area, while it corresponded to Na+ > Cl− > nss-SO4 2− > NO3 − > NH4 + > H+ > Mg2+ > nss-Ca2+ > PO4 3- > CH3COO− > K+ > HCOO− > NO2 − > F− > HCO3 − > CH3SO3 − at Mt. Halla-1100 site. The compositions of sea salts (Na+, Cl−, Mg2+) and secondary pollutants (NH4 +, nss-SO4 2−, NO3 −) corresponded to 66.1 % and 21.8 %, respectively, in Jeju City and, 49.9 % and 31.5 %, respectively, in Mt. Halla-1100 site. The acidity contributions in Jeju City and Mt. Halla-1100 site by inorganic acids, i.e., sulfuric acid and nitric acid, corresponded to 93.9 % and 91.4 %, respectively, and the acidity contributions by organic acids corresponded to 6.1 % and 8.6 %, respectively. The neutralization factors in Jeju City and Mt. Halla- 1100 site by ammonia corresponded to 29.8 % and 30.1 %, respectively, whereas the neutralization factors by calcium carbonate corresponded to 20.5 % and 25.2 %, respectively. From the clustered back trajectory analysis, the concentrations of most ionic components were higher when the airflow pathways were moved from the continent to Jeju area.
- keywords
- precipitation, Jeju Island, Mt. Halla-1100 site, acidity contribution, neutralization factor, clustered back trajectory
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