바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

  • KOREAN
  • P-ISSN2287-8327
  • E-ISSN2288-1220
  • SCOPUS, KCI

Parasitoid Complex of the Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar) in the Increase-phase Populations in Korea

Journal of Ecology and Environment / Journal of Ecology and Environment, (P)2287-8327; (E)2288-1220
2009, v.32 no.2, pp.75-81

Robert W. PEMBERTON ((USDA)-Agricultural Research Service)

Abstract

The species composition of the parasitoid complex and the degree of parasitism by each species were analyzed for gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) populations in the increasing phase. Total of 7,826 mid-late instar larvae and pupae were collected and reared from two collection sites in Gangwon vince, Korea. Two tachinid flies (Blepharipa schineri and Parasetigena silvestris), and the ichneumonid wasp (Coccygomimus disparis) were the most abundant parasitoids, in the order of decreasing importance. Other parasitoids occurring included Coteisa melanoscelus, Cotesia scheaferi, Glyptapanteles liparidis, a lasus, and Exorista spp. The low incidence of the NPVirus is hypothesized to be an important factor in determining degree of parasitism rate by P. silvestris and B. schineri, and their relative dominance in the parasitoid complex.

keywords
Gypsy moth, Increase-phase population, Natural enemies, NPV, Parasitism

Reference

1.

Barbosa P, Capinera JL, Harrington ER. 1975. The gypsy moth parasitoid complex in western Massachusetts: a study of parasitoids in areas of high and low host density. Environ Entomol 4: 842-846.

2.

Berryman AA. 1996. What causes population cycles of forest Lepidoptera? Tree 11: 28-32.

3.

Campbell RW. 1978. Some effects of gypsy moth density on rate of development, pupation time, and fecundity. Ann Entomol Soc Am 71: 442-448.

4.

Drea JJ Jr, Fuester RW. 1979. Larval and pupal parasites of Lymantria dispar and notes on parasites of other Lymantriidae [Lep] in Poland, 1975. Entomophaga 24: 319-327.

5.

Eichhorn O. 1996. Experimental studies upon the parasitoid complex of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) (Lep, Lymantriidae) in lower host populations in eastern Austria. J Appl Entomol 120: 205-212.

6.

Elkinton JS, Liebhold AM. 1990. Population dynamics of gypsy moth in North America. Annu Rev Entomol 35: 571-596.

7.

Fuester RW, Gruber F, Drea JJ Jr, H Hoyer. 1988. Parasites of Lymantria dispar in France and their relation to a biological control program. Acta Oecol Appl 9: 385-402.

8.

Fuester RW, Drea JJ Jr, Gruber F, Mercadier G. 1983. Larval parasites and other natural enemies of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Burgenland, Austria, and Wurzburg, Germany. Environ Entomol 12: 724-737.

9.

Fuester RW, Sandridge PT, Dill NH, Mclaughlin JM, Peiffer RA, Taylor PB, Sigmon JOD, Newlon CJ. 1997. Parasitism of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) pupae on the Delmarva Peninsula with emphasis on Coccygomimus disparis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). J Econ Entomol 90: 1551-1559.

10.

Godwin, PA, Shilds KS. 1982. Some interactions of Serratia marcescens, Nucleopolyhedrosis virus and Blepharipa pratensis (Dip: Tachinidae) in Lymantria dispar (Lep: Lymantriidae). Entomophaga 27: 189-196.

11.

Godwin PA, Odell TM. 1984. Laboratory study of competition between Blepharipa pratensis and Parasetigena silvestris (Diptera: Tachinidae) in Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Environ Entomol 13: 1059-1063.

12.

Hoch G, Schopf A, Maddox JV. 2000. Interactions between an Entomopathogenic Microsporidium and the Endoparasitoid Glyptapanteles liparidis within their host, the gypsy moth larva. J Invert Pathol 75: 59-68.

13.

Hoch G, Zubrik M, Novotny J, Schopf A. 2001. The natural enemy complex of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lep, Lymantriidae) in different phases of its population dynamics in eastern Austria and Slovakia - a comparative study. J Appl Entomol 125: 217-227.

14.

Johnson MD, Liebhold AM, Ottar NB, McManus ML. 2005. Circumpolar variation in periodicity and synchrony among gypsy moth populations. J Anim Ecol 74: 882-892.

15.

Kim OS, Lee HP. 1982. Studies on the biological control of Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctidae). Korean J Entomol 12: 49-56 (in Korean, English abstract).

16.

Kolomiets NG. 1987. Insects-parasites and predators of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L., Lepidoptera) from the Asiatic part of the USSR. Izvestiya Sibirskogo Otdeleniya Akademii Nauk SSSR (Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk) 6: 83-89 (in Russian).

17.

Lee JH. 2007. The parasitoid complex of late instar gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) in Kyonggi Province, Korea: a study of parasitoids attacking the populations of increasing phase with a high disease incidence. J Nat Sci RINS 8: 92-96.

18.

Lee JH, Lee HP, Schaefer PW, Fuester RW, Park JD, Lee BY, Shin CH. 2002. Gypsy moth parasite complex, Mt Halla National Park, Cheju Island, Korea .Entomol News 113: 103-112.

19.

Liebhold AM, Elkinton JS. 1989. Elevated parasitism in artificially augmented populations of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Environ Entomol 18: 986-995.

20.

Liebhold A, Kamata N. 2000. Are population cycles and spatial synchrony a universal characteristic of forest insect populations? Popul Ecol 42: 205-209.

21.

Liebhold AM, Twardus D, Buonaccorsi J. 1991. Evaluation of the timed-walk method of estimating gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) egg mass densities. J Econ Entomol 84: 1774-1781.

22.

Maier K. 1990. Contribution to the biology of primary and secondary parasitoids of Lymantria dispar L. (Lep, Lymantriidae). J Appl Entomol 110: 167-182.

23.

Maier KJ. 1995. Der Einfluβ der Parasitoide auf Lymantria dispar L (Lep, Lymantriidae) in Wäldern mit unterschiedlich starkem Massenwechsel Mitt Dtsch Ges Allg Angew. Entomol 10: 129-134.

24.

Murdoch WW, Chesson J, Chesson PL. 1985. Biological control in theory and practice. Am Nat 125: 344-366.

25.

Pemberton RW, Lee JH. 1996. The influence of extrafloral nectaries on parasitism of an insect herbivore. Am J Bot 83: 1187-1194.

26.

Pemberton RW, Lee JH, Reed DK, Carlson RW, Han HY. 1993. Natural enemies of the Asian gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in South Korea. Ann Entomol Soc Am 86: 423-440.

27.

Pernek M, Pilas I, Vrbek B, Benko M, Hrasovec B, Milkovic J. 2008. Forecasting the impact of the Gypsy moth on lowland hardwood forests by analyzing the cyclical pattern of population and climate data series Forest. Ecol Manag 255: 1740-1748.

28.

Reardon RC, Podgwaite JD. 1976. Disease-parasitoid relationships in natural populations of Lymantria dispar [Lep: Lymantriidae] in the northeastern United States. Entomophaga 21: 333-341.

29.

SAS Institute Inc. 2004. SAS/STAT 91 user’s guide Cary, NC.

30.

Schaefer PW. 1981. Explorations in Japan and Korea by the ARS Asian Parasite Laboratory: 1975-77. In The Gypsy Moth; Research Towards Integrated Pest Management (Doane CC, McManus ML, Eds). USDA Tech Bull 1584. pp. 340-348.

31.

Schaefer PW, Yan J, Sun X, Wallner WE, Weseloh RM. 1984. Natural enemies of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), in China. Sci Silvae 20: 434-440.

32.

Schneeberger NF. 1987. Monitoring gypsy moth populations. In Coping with the Gypsy Moth in the New Frontier West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV. pp 81-88.

33.

Schonherr J. 1988. Outbreak characteristics of Lymantriids. In Lymantriidae: a Comparison of Features of New and Old World Tussock Moths (Proceedings) (Waller WE, McManus KA, Eds). June 26- July 1, New Haven, Connecticut. pp 171-178.

34.

Sisojević P. 1975. Population dynamics of tachinid parasites of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) during a gradation period (in Serbo-Croatian, English summary). Zast Bilja 26: 97-170.

35.

Weseloh RM. 1984. Effect of the feeding inhibitor Plictran and low Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner doses on Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae): implications for Cotesia melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environ Entomol 13: 1371- 1376.

36.

Weseloh RM, Andreadis TG. 1982. Possible mechanism for Bacillus thuringiensis and gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) parasitoid, Apanteles melanoscelus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 75: 435-438.

37.

Zolubas P, Gedminas A, Shields K. 2001. Gypsy moth parasitoids in the declining outbreak in Lithuania. J Appl Entomol 125: 229-234.

Journal of Ecology and Environment