바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

ISSN : 2287-8327

Article Contents

Prev Next
e-Submission

Vol.36 No.3
Citation Share

Effects of different densities of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and nitrogen rates on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) yield

Journal of Ecology and Environment / Journal of Ecology and Environment, (P)2287-8327; (E)2288-1220
2013, v.36 no.3, pp.167-172
https://doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2013.167
Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini (Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture)
Ruhollah Naderi (College of Agriculture and Natural Resources)
Hadis Karimi Aliabadi (Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture)
Seyed, A. K. , Ruhollah, N. , & Hadis, K. A. (2013). Effects of different densities of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and nitrogen rates on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) yield. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 36(3), 167-172, https://doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2013.167
  • Downloaded
  • Viewed
PDF Download

Abstract

A Two-year field experiment was carried out in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the effects of different densities of wild oat and nitrogen (N) rates on oilseed rape yield and yield components. Experimental design was split plot with three replications. Increased nitrogen rates up to 150 kg N/ha caused an increase in oilseed rape grain yield in weed-free plots (4.26 t/ha;1t = 103 kg), while even at the lowest density of wild oat (15 plants/m2), increasing N fertilizer only up to 50 kg/ha led to a significant increase in grain yield. Wild oat growth was favored by high levels of N. Intraspecific competition reduced biomass, 100-seed weight and number of tillers of wild oat. Both lower N rate and intraspecific competition had negative effect on wild oat growth but the weed was still able to produce a considerable number of tillers and vigorous seeds. It showed that wild oat possess a notable adaptive plasticity and can allocate a greater proportion of its resource toward reproductive organs even under resource shortage conditions and, thus, it may increase the competitive ability of the weed over the crop.Our results suggest that effective weed management should be done to prevent wild oat seed production in crops preceding oilseed rape as well as to control the weed at early season in oilseed rape fields.

keywords
crop yield, weed biomass, weeds density

Reference

1.

Ampong-Nyarko K, de Datta SK. 1993. Effects of nitrogen application on growth, nitrogen use efficiency and riceweed interaction. Weed Res 33: 269–276.

2.

Andreasen C, Litz AS, Streibig JC. 2006. Growth response of six weed species and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) to increasing levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Weed Res 46: 503–512.

3.

Blackshaw RE. 2005. Nitrogen fertilizer, manure and compost effects on weed growth and competition with spring wheat. Agron J 97: 1612–1621.

4.

Blackshaw RE, Brandt RN. 2008. Nitrogen fertilizer rate effects on weed competitiveness is species dependent. Weed Sci 56: 743-747.

5.

Blackshaw RE, Brandt RN, Janzen HH, Entz T, Grant CA, Derksen DA. 2003. Differential response of weed species to added nitrogen. Weed Sci 51: 532–539.

6.

Blackshaw RE, Lemerle D, Mailer R, Young KR. 2002. Influence of wild radish on yield and quality of canola. Weed Sci 50: 344-349.

7.

Blackshaw RE, Molnar LJ, Janzen HH. 2004. Nitrogen fertilizer timing and application method affect weed growth and competition with spring wheat. Weed Sci 52: 614– 622.

8.

Bosnic AC. Swanton CJ. 1997. Influence of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) time of emergence and density on corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci 45: 276-282.

9.

Carlson HL, Hill JE. 1985. Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) competiiri tion with spring wheat: effects of nitrogen fertilization. Weed Sci 34: 29–33.

10.

Chow PNP, Dorrell DG. 1979. Response of wild oat (Avena fatua L.), flax (Linumusitissimum) and rapeseed (Brassica campestris and B. napus) to diclofop-methyl. Weed Sci 27: 212–215.

11.

Daugovish O,Thill DC, Shafii B. 2002. Competition between wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and yellow mustard (Sinapis alba) or canola (Brassica napus L.). Weed Sci 50: 587– 594.

12.

Dhima KV, Eleftherohorinos IG. 2001. Influence of nitrogen on competition between winter cereals and sterile oat. Weed Sci 49: 77–82.

13.

Ghadiri H, Ebrahimi M, Zand E. 2008. Effect of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) densities and nitrogen on morphophysiological traits of several Iranian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. In: Proceeding of the 5th International Weed Science Congress. Vancouver, Canada, pp 189.

14.

Gonzalez-Ponce R. 1998. Competition between barley and Lolium rigidum for nitrate. Weed Res 38: 453–460.

15.

Hans SR, Johnson WG. 2002. Influence of shattercane [Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench.] interference on corn (Zea mays L.) yield and nitrogen accumulation. Weed Technol 16: 787-791.

16.

Jornsgard B, Rasmussen K, Hill J, Christensen JL. 1996. Influence of nitrogen on competition between cereals and their natural weed populations. Weed Res 36: 461-470.

17.

Khachatourians GG, SummerAK, Phillips PWB. 2001. An introduction to the history of canola and the scientific basis for innovation. In: The Biotechnology Revolution in Global Agriculture: Invention, Innovation and Investment in the Canola Sector (Phillips PWB, Khachatourians GG, eds). CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp 33-49.

18.

Morishita DW, Thill DC, Hammel JE. 1991. Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) interference in a greenhouse experiment. Weed Sci 39: 149–153.

19.

Naderi R, Ghadiri H. 2011. Competition of wild mustard (Sinapis arvense L.) densities with rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. J Agr Sci Technol 13: 45-51.

20.

O’Donovan JT, Harker KN, Clayton GW, Hall LM. 2000. Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) interference in barley (Hordeum vulgare) is influenced by barley variety and seeding rate. Weed Technol 14: 624–629.

21.

Santos BM, Morales-Payan JP, Stall WM, Bewick TA. 1998. Influence of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) density and nitrogen rate on radish (Raphanus sativus) yield. Weed Sci 46: 661–664.

22.

Satorre EH, Snaydon RW. 1992. A comparison of root and shoot competition between spring cereals and Avena fatua L. Weed Res 32: 45–55.

23.

Scursoni JA, Satorre EH. 2005. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) competition is affected by crop and weed density. Weed Technol 19: 790–795.

24.

Vasilakoglou I, Dhima K. 2012. Leafy and semi-leafless field pea competition with winter wild oat as affected by weed density. Field Crops Res 126: 130–136.

25.

Zimdahl RL. 2004. Weed–Crop Competition: A Review, 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA.

Journal of Ecology and Environment

e-Submission OA Policy