- ENGLISH
- P-ISSN2287-8327
- E-ISSN2288-1220
- SCOPUS, KCI
ISSN : 2287-8327
The time and duration of flowering in an Adonis multiflora (Ranunculaceae) population
Abstract
Adonis multiflora is a spring ephemeral herb growing in temperate deciduous forests. To determine the flowering properties of a natural population of A. multiflora, air temperature, flowering time, and flower-falling were monitored from February 2009 to May 2011. The A. multiflora population in this study started flowering in early March and ended it in mid-April. The average flowering duration of a flower was 14.4 days in 2009 and 19.6 days in 2011. The average duration of flower-falling was between 3.4 days and 4.2 days for three years. Cumulative flowering rate (CFR) was correlated with year day (YD), year day index (YDI), and Nuttonson’s index (Tn), with correlation coefficients (CC) of over 0.9 at the 1% significance level; CC value between CFR and YD was the largest and that between CFR and YDI was the smallest. However, at the 5% significance level, CFR was closely related with Tn more than any other factors. The CCs between flowering times of two years in each plant were high and significant at 1% level. The YD value of flowering time of a flower was inversely related to its flowering duration significantly for three years. In a given plant, when more flowering started early, the flowering duration was longer. The first flower blossomed on 73.4 YD in 2010 and 78.9 YD in 2011, and remained for 16.7 days in 2009 and 27.4 days in 2011, respectively; the fifth flower developed on 92.5 YD in 2010 and 96.6 YD in 2011, and remained for 8.0 days in 2009 and 14.6 days in 2011. The YD differences between the flowering times of two flowers decreased in the order of inflorescence.
- keywords
- Adonis multiflora, air temperature, flowering duration, flowering time, Nuttonson’s index, spring ephemeral, year day index
참고문헌
Bernier G. 1988. The control of floral evocation and morphogenesis. Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 39: 175-219.
Cho DS. 1998. A study on the growth and senescence of spring ephemerals. J Nat Sci 19: 199-210.
Diekmann M. 1996. Relationship between flowering phenol ogy of perennial herbs and meteorological data in deciduous forests of Sweden. Can J Bot 74: 528-537.
Flint HL. 1974. Phenology and genecology of woody plants. In: Phenology and Seasonality Modeling (Lieth H, ed). Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 83-97.
Helenurm K, Barrett SCH. 1987. The reproductive biology of boreal forest herbs. II. Phenology of flowering and fruiting. Can J Bot 65: 2047-2056.
Horibata S, Hasegawa SF, Kudo G. 2007. Cost of reproduction in a spring ephemeral species, Adonis ramosa (Ranunculaceae): carbon budget for seed production. Ann Bot 100: 565-571.
Kudo G. 1995. Ecological significance of flower heliotropism in the spring ephemeral Adonis ramosa (Ranunculaceae). Oikos 72: 14-20.
Kudo G, Hirao AS. 2006. Habitat-specific responses in the flowering phenology and seed set of alpine plants to climate variation: implications for global-change impacts. Popul Ecol 48: 49-58.
Kudo G, Maeda T. 1998. Size-dependent variation of phenotypic gender and functional gender of a spring-ephemeral, Anemone debill’s Fisch. Plant Species Biol 13: 69-76.
Kudo G, Nishikawa Y, Kasagi T, Kosuge S. 2004. Does seed production of spring ephemerals decrease when spring comes early? Ecol Res 19: 255-259.
Lapointe L. 2001. How phenology influences physiology in deciduous forest spring ephemerals. Physiol Plant 113: 151-157.
Lee JH, Lee ST, Seo YB, Yeo SH, Lee NS. 2003. A morphological reexamination on the genus Adonis L. sensulato (Ranunculaceae) in Korea. Kor J Plant Tax 33: 435-454.
Lubbers AE, Lechowicz MJ. 1989. Effects of leaf removal on reproduction vs. below-ground storage in Trillium grandiflorum. Ecology 70: 85-96.
Lyang DY, Lee KS. 2010. Responses of an herbaceous community to wild boar (SusscrofacoreanusHeude) disturbance in a Quercusmongolica forest at Mt. Jeombong, Korea. J Ecol Field Biol 33: 205-216.
McKenna MF, Houle G. 2000. Why are annual plants rarely spring ephemerals? New Phytol 148: 295-302.
Min BM. 2003. Seed production of Pes-gallinaceua (Corydalis, Fumariaceae) group. Korean J Ecol 26: 189-197.
Min BM. 2005. Ecological characteristics of a Suaeda japonica population and the effects of early-season air temperatures on population formation. J Plant Biol 48: 411-421.
Min BM, Yi DH, Jeong SJ. 2007. Relationship between phenonogical stages and cumulative air temperature in spring time at Namsan. J Ecol Field Biol 30: 143-149.
Motten AF. 1986. Pollination ecology of the spring wildflower community of a temperate deciduous forest. Ecol Monogr 56: 21-42.
Nishikawa Y, Kudo G. 1995. Relationship between flower number and reproductive success of a spring ephemeral herb, Anemone flaccida (Ranunculaceae). Plant Species Biol 10: 111-118.
Rathcke B, Lacey EP. 1985. Phenological patterns of terrestrial plants. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 16: 179-214.
Rothstein DE, Zak DR. 2001. Photosynthetic adaptation and acclimation to exploit seasonal periods of direct irradiance in three temperate, deciduous-forest herbs. Funct Ecol 15: 722-731.
Schemske DW, Willson MF, Melampy MN, Miller LJ, Verner L, Schemske KM, Best LB. 1978. Flowering ecology of some spring woodland herbs. Ecology 59: 351-366.
Struik GJ. 1965. Growth patterns of some native annual and perennial herbs in southern Wisconsin. Ecology 46: 401-420.
Tamm CO. 1972. Survival and flowering of some perennial herbs. II. The behaviour of some orchids on permanent plots. Oikos 23: 23-28.
Ting IP. 1982. Plant Physiology. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, MA.
Whigham DF. 2004. Ecology of woodland herbs in temperate deciduous forests. Ann Rev Ecol Evol Syst 35: 583-621.
Wright SJ. 1991. Seasonal drought and the phenology of understory shrubs in a tropical moist forest. Ecology 72: 1643-1657.
Yim YJ, Rim MK, Shim JK. 1983. The thermal climate and phenology in Korea. Korean J Bot 26: 101-117.
Zimmerman M. 1988. Nectar production, flowering phenology, and strategies for pollination. In: Plant Reproductive Ecology (Doust JL, Doust LL, eds). Oxford University Press, New York, NY, pp 157-178.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수