- KOREAN
- P-ISSN2287-8327
- E-ISSN2288-1220
- SCOPUS, KCI
ISSN : 2287-8327
Detecting response patterns of zooplankton to environmental parameters in shallow freshwater wetlands: discovery of the role of macrophytes as microhabitat for epiphytic zooplankton
Abstract
Freshwater macrophytes improve the structural heterogeneity of microhabitats in water, often providing an important habitat for zooplankton. Some studies have focused on the overall influence of macrophytes on zooplankton, but the ef¬fects of macrophyte in relation to different habitat characteristics of zooplankton (e.g., epiphytic and pelagic) have not been intensively studied. We hypothesized that different habitat structures (i.e., macrophyte habitat) would strongly af¬fect zooplankton distribution. We investigated zooplankton density and diversity, macrophyte characteristics (dry weight and species number), and environmental parameters in 40 shallow wetlands in South Korea. Patterns in the data were analyzed using a self-organizing map (SOM), which extracts information through competitive and adaptive properties. A total of 20 variables (11 environmental parameters and 9 zooplankton groups) were patterned onto the SOM. Based on a U-matrix, 3 clusters were identified from the model. Zooplankton assemblages were positively related to macrophyte characteristics (i.e., dry weight and species number). In particular, epiphytic species (i.e., epiphytic rotifers and cladocer¬ans) exhibited a clear relationship with macrophyte characteristics, while large biomass and greater numbers of macro-phyte species supported high zooplankton assemblages. Consequently, habitat heterogeneity in the macrophyte bed was recognized as an important factor to determine zooplankton distribution, particularly in epiphytic species. The results indicate that macrophytes are critical for heterogeneity in lentic freshwater ecosystems, and the inclusion of diverse plant species in wetland construction or restoration schemes is expected to generate ecologically healthy food webs.
- keywords
- macrophyte, microhabitat, self-organizing map (SOM), unsupervised learning zooplankton community
Reference
Bundy MH, Gross TF, Coughlin DJ, Strickler JR. 1993. Quantifying copepod searching efficiency using swimming pattern and perceptive ability. Bull Mar Sci 53: 15-28.
Céréghino R, Park YS. 2009. Review of the self-organizing map (SOM) approach in water resources: commentary. Environ Model Softw 24: 945-947.
Charkhabi AH, Sakizadeh M. 2006. Assessment of spatial variation of water quality parameters in the most polluted branch of the Anzali Wetland, Northern Iran. Pol J Environ Stud 15: 395-403.
Chick JH, McIvor CC. 1994. Patterns in the abundance and composition of fishes among beds of different macrophytes: viewing a littoral zone as a landscape. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 51: 2873-2882.
Choi JY, Jeong KS, Kim SK, La GH, Chang KH, Joo GJ. 2014b. Role of macrophytes as microhabitats for zooplankton community in lentic freshwater ecosystems of South Korea. Ecol Inform 24: 177-185.
Choi JY, Jeong KS, La GH, Goo GJ. 2014c. Effect of removal of free-floating macrophytes on zooplankton habitat in shallow wetland. Knowl Manag Aquat Ecosyst 414: 11.
Choi JY, Jeong KS, La GH, Kim SK, Joo GJ. 2014a. Sustainment of epiphytic microinvertebrate assemblage in relation with different aquatic plant microhabitats in freshwater wetlands (South Korea). J Limnol 73: 197-202.
Choi JY, Kim SK, La GH, Jeong KS, Kim HW, Kim TK, Joo GJ. 2012a. Microcrustacean community dynamics in Upo Wetlands: impact of rainfall and physio-chemical factor on microcrustacean community. Kor J Ecol Environ 45: 340-346.
Choi JY, La GH, Jeong KS, Kim SK, Chang KH, Goo GJ. 2012b. Classification by zooplankton inhabit character and freshwater microbial food web: importance of epiphytic zooplankton as energy source for high-level predator. Kor J Ecol Environ 45: 444-452.
Chon TS, Park YS, Moon KH, Cha EY. 1996. Patterning communities by using an artificial neural network. Ecol Model 90: 69-78.
Dejen E, Vijverberg J, Nagelkerke LAJ, Sibbing FA. 2004. Temporal and spatial distribution of microcrustacean zooplankton in relation to turbidity and other environmental factors in a large tropical lake (L. Tana, Ethiopia). Hydrobiologia 513: 39-49.
Dudley TL. 1988. The roles of plant complexity and epiphyton in colonization of macrophytes by stream insects. Verh Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol 23: 1153-1158.
Estlander S, Nurminen L, Olin M, Vinni M, Horppila J. 2009. Seasonal fluctuations in macrophyte cover and water transparency of four brown-water lakes: implications for crustacean zooplankton in littoral and pelagic habitats. Hydrobiologia 620: 109-120.
Giraudel JL, Lek S. 2001. A comparison of self-organizing map algorithm and some conventional statistical methods for ecological community ordination. Ecol Model 146: 329-339.
Gyllström M, Hansson LA, Jeppesen E, García-Criado F, Gross E, Irvine K, Kairesalo T, Kornijow R, Miracle MR, Nykänen M, Nõges T, Romo S, Stephen D, Van Donk E, Moss B. 2005. The role of climate in shaping zooplankton communities of shallow lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 50: 2008-2021.
Hansen JP, Wikström SA, Axemar H, Kautsky L. 2011. Distribution differences and active habitat choices of invertebrates between macrophytes of different morphological complexity. Aquat Ecol 45: 11-22.
Islam SN. 2007. Physicochemical condition and occurrence of some zooplankton in a pond of Rajshahi University. Res J Fish Hydrobiol 2: 21-25.
Jenkerson CG, Hickman M. 1983. The spatial and temporal distribution of epipelic algae in a shallow eutrophic prairie-parkland lake, Alberta, Canada. Int Revue Ges Hydrobiol Hydrogr 68: 453-471.
Jeong KS, Kim DK, Joo GJ. 2007. Delayed influence of dam storage and discharge on the determination of seasonal proliferations of Microcystis aeruginosa and Stephanodiscus hantzschii in a regulated river system of the lower Nakdong River (South Korea). Water Res 41: 1269-1279.
Jeppesen E, Jensen JP, Søndergaard M, Fenger-Grøn M, Bramm ME, Sandby K, Møller PH, Rasmussen HU. 2004. Impact of fish predation on cladoceran body weight distribution and zooplankton grazing in lakes during winter. Freshw Biol 49: 432-447.
Jeppesen E, Lauridsen TL, Kairesalo T, Perrow MR. 1998. Impact of submerged macrophytes on fish-zooplankton interactions in lakes. In: The Structuring Role of Submerged Macrophytes in Lakes (Christoffersen K, ed). Springer, New York, NY, pp 91-114.
Jeppesen E, Meerhoff M, Jacobsen BA, Hansen RS, Søndergaard M, Jensen JP, Lauridsen TL, Mazzeo N, Branco CWC. 2007. Restoration of shallow lakes by nutrient control and biomanipulation – the successful strategy varies with lake size and climate. Hydrobiologia 581: 269-285.
Jeppesen E, Søndergaard M, Kanstrup E, Petersen B, Eriksen RB, Hammershøj M, Mortensen E, Jensen JP, Have A. 1994. Does the impact of nutrients on the biological structure and function of brackish and freshwater lakes differ? In: Nutrient Dynamics and Biological Structure in Shallow Freshwater and Brackish Lakes (Mortensen E, Jeppesen E, Søndergaard M, Nielsen LK, eds). Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 15-30.
Kohonen T. 1982. Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps. Biol Cybern 43: 59-69.
Kohonen T. 1997. Self-Organizing Maps. 2nd Ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Kohonen T. 2001. Self-Organizing Maps. 3rd Ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Kuczyńska-Kippen NM, Nagengast B. 2006. The influence of the spatial structure of hydromacrophytes and differentiating habitat on the structure of rotifer and cladoceran communities. Hydrobiologia 559: 203-212.
Lauridsen TL, Lodge DM. 1996. Avoidance by Daphnia magna of fish and macrophytes: chemical cues and predator-mediated use of macrophyte habitat. Limnol Oceanogr 41: 794-798.
Lillie RA, Budd J. 1992. Habitat architecture of Myriophyllum spicatum L. as an index to habitat quality for fish and macroinvertebrates. J Freshwater Ecol 7: 113-125.
Manatunge J, Asaeda T, Priyadarshana T. 2000. The influence of structural complexity on fish–zooplankton interactions: a study using artificial submerged macrophytes. Environ Biol Fish 58: 425-438.
Meerhoff M, Iglesias C, De Mello FT, Clemente JM, Jensen E, Lauridsen TL, Jeppesen E. 2007. Effects of habitat complexity on community structure and predator avoidance behaviour of littoral zooplankton in temperate versus subtropical shallow lakes. Freshwater Biol 52: 1009-1021.
Meerhoff M, Mazzeo N, Moss B, Rodríguez-Gallego L. 2003. The structuring role of free-floating versus submerged plants in a subtropical shallow lake. Aquat Ecol 37: 377-391.
Mizuno T, Takahashi E, editors. 1991. An Illustrated Guide to Freshwater Zooplankton in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo.
Moss B, Kornijow R, Measey GJ. 1998. The effects of nymphaeid (Nuphar lutea) density and predation by perch (Perca fluviatilis) on the zooplankton communities in a shallow lake. Freshwater Biol 39: 689-697.
Odum HT. 1994. Ecological and General Systems: An Introduction to Systems Ecology. University Press of Colorado, Niwot, CO.
Padial AA, Thomaz SM, Agostinho AA. 2009. Effects of structural heterogeneity provided by the floating macrophyte Eichhornia azurea on the predation efficiency and habitat use of the small Neotropical fish Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae. Hydrobiologia 624: 161-170.
Piana PA, Gomes LC, Agostinho AA. 2006. Comparison of predator-prey interaction models for fish assemblages from the neotropical region. Ecol Model 192: 259-270.
Sakuma M, Hanazato T, Nakazato R, Haga H. 2002. Methods for quantitative sampling of epiphytic microinvertebrates in lake vegetation. Limnology 3: 115-119.
Sand-Jensen K, Søndergaard M. 1981. Phytoplankton and epiphyte development and their shading effect on submerged macrophytes in lakes of different nutrient status. Int Rev Ges Hydrobiol Hydrogr 66: 529-552.
Schindler DE. 1999. Migration strategies of young fishes under temporal constraints: the effect of size-dependent overwinter mortality. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 56: 61-70.
Son MW, Jeon YG. 2003. Physical geographical characteristics of natural wetlands on the downstream reach of Nakdong River. J Korean Assoc Reg Geogr 9: 66-76.
Tews J, Brose U, Grimm V, Tielbörger K, Wichmann MC, Schwager M, Jeltsch F. 2004. Animal species diversity driven by habitat heterogeneity/diversity: the importance of keystone structures. J Biogeogr 31: 79-92.
Timms RM, Moss B. 1984. Prevention of growth of potentially dense phytoplankton populations by zooplankton graz-ing, in the presence of zooplanktivorous fish, in a shallow wetland ecosystem. Limnol Oceanogr 29: 472-486.
Uriarte EA, Martín FD. 2005. Topology preservation in SOM. Int J Appl Math Comp Sci 1: 19-22.
Van Donk E, van de Bund WJ. 2002. Impact of submerged macrophytes including charophytes on phyto- and zooplankton communities: allelopathy versus other mechanisms. Aquat Bot 72: 261-274.
Vesanto J, Alhoniemi E. 2000. Clustering of the self-organizing map. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 11: 586-600.
Warfe DM, Barmuta LA. 2004. Habitat structural complexity mediates the foraging success of multiple predator species. Oecologia 141: 171-178.
Wetzel RG, Likens GE. 2000. Limnological Analyses. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations