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E-ISSN : 2733-4538
본 연구는 성격강점에 초점을 맞춘 긍정심리치료 프로그램이 지역사회에 거주하는 노인들의 우울감과 생활만족도 및 삶의 질에 미치는 효과를 검증해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 Seligman, Rashid와 Parks(2006)이 개발한 긍정심리치료 프로그램을 본 연구자가 예비연구를 토대로 수정․보완하여 인지행동치료 집단과 프로그램의 효과를 비교하였다. 프로그램은 총 10회기로 구성되었으며, 일주일에 1회씩 10주간 시행하였다. 연구대상은 65세 이상 노인들로 한국형 노인 우울척도에서 6점 이상(우울 의심)에 해당하는 노인 24명을 최종 선별하여 긍정심리치료 집단, 인지행동치료 집단에 각각 12명씩 무선 배정하였다. 이들을 대상으로 치료 전, 종결 후, 그리고 종결 1개월 후, 3개월 후에 노인 생활만족도, 노인 삶의 질 척도, 노인우울 척도 및 긍정 정서 및 부정 정서 척도들을 실시하였다. 긍정심리치료 집단은 한명이 중도에 탈락하여 1명을 제외한 11명이 분석에 포함되었으며, 인지행동치료 집단은 12명이 분석에 포함되었다. 연구결과, 긍정심리치료 프로그램 실시 후 노인 생활만족도, 노인 삶의 질 수준이 유의미하게 증가하였고, 우울감은 유의미하게 감소하였다. 또한 인지행동치료와 효과를 비교한 결과, 긍정심리치료 집단은 프로그램 종결 후 1개월, 3개월 후에도 노인 생활만족도, 노인 삶의 질, 우울감의 변화량에서 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 보여 주었다. 이러한 결과는 긍정심리치료로 인한 긍정적인 정서의 변화가 일시적인 효과가 아니라 지속될 수 있는 변화임을 보여준다. 따라서 기존의 우울한 노인 대상의 인지행동치료가 “노인들이 보이는 부정적인 사고와 증상”에 초점을 둔 방법이라면, 본 긍정심리치료 프로그램에서는 노인들의 강점을 찾고 이를 실제 삶 가운데 활용함으로서 노인우울에 조기 개입하고 우울예방에 효과적으로 적용될 수 있음을 보여 주었다. 끝으로 본 연구의 시사점과 제한점이 논의되었다.
The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a character strengths-based positive psychotherapy on depression, life satisfaction, and quality of life among the depressed elderly. For this purpose, the positive psychotherapy program proposed by Seligman, Rashid, and Parks (2006). Which was modified by the researcher, was used. The efficacy of the revised positive psychotherapy program among the depressed elderly was compared with that of cognitive behavior therapy_(CBT). Participants in the programs included 24 elderly adults who obtained above 6 points on the Geriatric Depression Scale. They ranged in age from 65 to 82. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two programs: positive psychotherapy program and cognitive behavior therapy program. Eleven elderly subjects completed group positive psychotherapy and twelve elderly subjects completed group cognitive behavior therapy_(CBT) for 10 sessions. Geriatric Depression, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect scale, and quality of life measures were given at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 1-month and 3-month follow-up. The efficacy of the revised positive psychotherapy program among the depressed elderly was compared with cognitive behavior therapy at 1-month and 3-months after the program ended. Participants in the positive psychotherapy group reported significant improvements in elderly life satisfaction, quality of elderly life, and depressive mood, which was maintained up to three months later, compared to those in cognitive behavior therapy. These results demonstrate that the changes in positive affect under positive psychotherapy are not - temporary but persistent. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that positive psychotherapy can help the depressed elderly by enhancing their positive affect and reducing depressive mood. The significance and limitations of this study were discussed.
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