ISSN : 1225-3480
In this study, we examined bacteriological and toxicological safety of shellfish produced in the Narodo area from January 2015 to December 2017. The sampling stations for this study were composed of 3 stations for oyster and 2 stations for short neck clam. The range of total coliform, fecal coliform and E. coli levels for 62 oyster samples was < 18-3,500, < 18-230 and < 18-170 MPN/100 g respectively. That for 72 short neck clam samples was < 18-5,400, < 18-330 and < 18-220 MPN/100 g respectively. And Salmonella sp. and Shigella spp. were not detected in all samples. Also paralytic shellfish toxin was not detected and diarrhetic shellfish toxin was detected below the limit of quantification. These results indicate that shellfish produced in Narodo area meets the standard of shellfish hygiene of Food Sanitation Act and assessed to be the Grade A of EU criteria.
APHA. (1970) Recommended procedures for the examination of seawater and shellfish. 4th Edition. pp. 1-47, American Public Health Association, Washington DC, USA.
Brands, D.A., Inman, A.E., Gerba, C.P., Mare, C.J., Billington, S.J., Saif, L.A., Levine, J.F., Joens, L.A. (2005). Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in Oysters in the United States. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71: 893-897.
Bukhari, Z., Smith, H.V., Sykes, N., Humphreys, S.W., Parton, C.A., Girdwood, R.W., Fricker, C.R. (1997)Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. cysts and Giardia spp. cysts in sewage influents and effluents from treated plants in England. Water Science and. Technology, 35: 385-390.
Chang, D.S., Shin, I.S., Pyeun, J.H., Park, Y.H. (1987) A Study on paralytic shellfish poison of sea mussel, Mytilus edulis. Food poisoning accident in Gamchun Bay, Pusan, Korea, 1986. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 20: 293-299.
Choi, J.D., Jeong, W.G., Kim, P.H. (1998) Bacteriological Study of Sea Water and Oyster in Charan Bay, Korea. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 31: 429-436.
Determan, M. (2003) Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)patterns in Puget Sound shellfish in 2001. pp. 1-12, Washington State Departmentof Health, Olympia, WA, USA. 1-12.
European Commission. (2015) Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/2285 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 854/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down specific rules for the organisation of official controls on products of animal origin intended for human consumption as regards certain requirements for live bivalve molluscs, echinoderms, tunicates and marine gastropods and Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union. 9.12.
Ha, K.S., Shim, K.B., Yoo, H.D., Kim, J.H., Lee, T.S. (2009) Evaluation of the Bacteriological Safety for the Shellfish Growing Area in HansanㆍGeojeman, Korea. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42: 449-455.
Ha, K.S., Yoo, H.D., Shim, K.B., Kim, J.H., Lee, T.S., Kim, P.H., Lee, H.J., Yu, H.S. (2013) The Effects of Inland Pollution Sources around the Port of Jeokyang and Jangpo after Rainfall Events on Bacteriological Water Quality in the Changseon Area, Korea. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 46: 160-167.
Ha, K.S., Lee, K,J., Jeong, Y.J., Mok, J.S., Kim, P.H., Kim, Y.K., Lee, H.J., Kim, D.W., Son, K.T. (2018)Evaluation of Sanitary Safety for Shellfish in HansanㆍGeojeman, Korea. Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety, 33: 404-411.
Hunter C, Perkins J, Tranter J, Gunn J. (1999)Agricultural land-use effects on the indicator bacterial quality of an upland stream in the Derbyshire Peak District in the UK. Water Research, 33: 3577-3586
Indrasena, W.M., Gill, T.A. (2000) Thermal degradation of partially purified paralytic shellfish poison toxins at different times, temperatures and pH. Journal of food science, 65: 948-953
Kim, J.H., Suzuki, T., Lee, K.J., Kim, P.H., Kamiyama, T, Lee, T.S. (2008) The first detection of okadaic acid and its derivatives in Korean bivalves by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fisheries Science, 74: 433-438.
Lee, J.S., Shin, I.S., Kim, Y.M. Chang, D.S. (1997)Paralytic shellfish toxins in the mussel, Mytilus edulis, caused the shellfish poisoning accident at Geoje, Korea, in 1996. Korean Journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences, 30: 158-160.
Lee, M.O. (1994) Numerical model experiments on the tidal current variations due to the bridge piers construction near the straits of Narodo islands. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,. 27: 47-58.
Lee, J. (2005). Enforcement of Foods Laws and it’s Impacts on Food Industry, Food Industry, May 1:25-35.
Lunestad, B.T., Maage, A., Roiha, I.S., Myrmel, M., Svanevik, C.S., Duinker, A. (2016) An Outbreak of Norovirus Infection from Shellfish Soup Due to Unforeseen Insufficient Heating During Preparation. Food and Environmental virology, 8: 231-234.
Mallin, M.A., Ensign, S.H., Mciver, M.R., Shank, G.C., Fowler, P.K. (2001) Demographic, landscape, and meteorological factors controlling the microbial pollution of coastal waters. Hydrobiologia, 460: 185-193.
Martinez-Urtaza, J., Saco, M., Hernandez-Cordova, G., Lozano, A., Garicia-Martin, O., Espinosa, J. (2003)Identification of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Live Molluscan Shellfish and Their Significance in the Marine Environment. Journal of Food Protection, 66: 226-232.
MFDS. (2018) Korea food standards. The Notification of Ministry of food and drug safety. Article. 2018-74.
MOF. (2013) Designation of the shellfish growing area for export. The Notification of Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. Article. 2013-153.
MOF. (2016) Korean Shellfish Sanitation Program. The Notification of Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. 1-106.
Mok, J.S., Oh, E.G., Son, K.T., Lee, T.S., Lee, K.J., Song, K.C., Kim, J.H. (2012) Accumulation and depuration of paralytic shellfish poisoning in marine organisms. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45: 465-471.
NFI. (1998). State Guidelines for coliforms, fecal coliforna, and E. coli. National Fisheries Institute, Arlington, VA.
Noguchi, T. (2003) Marine toxins. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 69: 895-909.
Park, K., Jo, M.R., Kim, Y.K., Lee, H.J., Kwon, J.Y., Son, K.T., Lee, T.S. (2012) Evaluation of the Effects of the Inland Pollution Sources after Rainfall Events on the Bacteriological Water Quality in Narodo Area, Korea. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45: 414-422.
Potasman, I., Paz, A., Odeh, M. (2002) Infectious Outbreaks Associated with Bivalve Shellfish Consumption: A Worldwide Perspective. Clinical infectious diseases, 35: 921-928.
Shon, M.B., Kim, Y.S., Kim, C.H. (2009) Paralytic shellfish poisoning of Mediterranean mussels from Jinhae Bay in Korea. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42: 366-372.
Shin, S,B., Ha, K.S., Lee, K.J., Jeong, S.H., Lee, J.H., Oh, E.G., Kim, Y.K., Lee, H.J. (2017) Assessment of Sanitary Safety of the Oyster (Crassostrea gigas), Short neck clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) and Small ark shell (Scapharca subcrenata) in Gangjin Bay, Korea. Korean Journal of Malacology, 33:275-283.
Toyofuku, H. (2006) Joint FAO/WHO/IOC activities to provide scientific advice on marine biotoxins (research report). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 52:1735-1745.
U.S. FDA. (1998) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM), 8th edition, Revision A, Food and Drug Administration/Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScienceResearch/LaboratoryMethods/ on Nov 8, 2018.
U.S. FDA. (2015) National Shellfish Sanitation Program, Guide for the control of molluscan shellfish. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FederalS tateFoodPrograms/ucm2006754.htm on Nov 8, 2018.
Wekell, J.C., Hurst, J., Lefebvre, K.A. (2004) The origin of regulatory limits for PSP and ASP toxins in shellfish. Journal Of Shellfish Research, 23: 927-930.
Willson, I.G., Moore, J.E. (1996) Presence of Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in shellfish. Epidemiology and Infection, 116: 147-153
Yasumoto, T, Oshima, Y, Yamaguchi, M. (1978). Occurence of new type of shellfish poisoning in the Tohoku district. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 44:1249-1255.
