open access
메뉴
open access
메뉴
ISSN : 1225-3480
The Organic matter and trace metal contents and trace metal contents of sediments and their pollution levels at 9 stations were investigated in order to characterize sediment environment characteristics in the Geojeman Bay shellfish farming waters. The grain size of the surrounding sediments of the Geojeman Bay shellfish farm was in the order of mud in all samples. Clay contents ranged from 20.75-28.14% (24.15%), and the silt content 71.87-79.24% (75.85%). Ignition loss (IL) was in the range of 7.7-9.9% (9.2 ± 0.64%). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was in the range of 17.9-26.6 mgO2/g (21.6 ± 2.52 mgO2/g). There is a possibility of contamination of organic matter. The concentrations of trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in sediments of Geojeman Bay were analyzed. The contamination level of trace metals was evaluated by the concentration of each element. Cu exceeded the marine environment standard of threshold effects level. As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb were below marine environment standard of threshold effects level in all study area. The pollution load index (PLI) for evaluating the total pollution level of trace metals was 1.1-1.4 (1.3), all study area and showed relatively high pollution at the entrance of the bay. The ecosystem risk index (ERI), was 98.8-131.14 (114.7), which was a moderate risk to some extent at most study area. Cr, Pb, and Zn were unpolluted, Cu and Cd were moderately polluted from nonpolished, and As was a medium pollution level. Moderately polluted.
Berner, R. A. (1980) Early diagenesis: a theoretical approach. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press :241.
Cantillo, AY. (1998) Comparison of results of mussel watch programs of the United States and France with worldwide mussel watch studies. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 36: 712-717.
Casas, S., Gonzalez, J. L., Andral, B. and Cossa, D. (2008) Relation between metal concentration in water and metal content of marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis): impact of physiology. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 27: 1543-1552.
Cho, C. H. (1980) FARMING DENSITY OF OYSTER IN HANSAN - GEOJE BAY. Korean Fish. Soc., 13(1):45-56.
Cho, C. H. and Y. S. Kim. (1977)MICROENVIRONMENT IN OYSTER FARM AREA 1. On the Eutrophication and Raft Density in Geoje Bay, Korean Fish. Soc., 10(4): 259-265.
Cho, Y. S., Lee, W. C., Kim, J. B., Hong, S. J., Kim, H. C. and Kim, C. S. (2013) Establishment of Environmental Assessment using Sediment Total Organic Carbon and Macrobenthic Polychaete Community in Shellfish Farms, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, 19(5): 430-438.
Choi, M. K., Lee, I. S., Hwang, D. W., Kim, H. C., Yoon, S. P., Yun, S. R., Kim, C. S. and Seo, I. S. (2017) Organic Enrichment and Pollution in Surface Sediments from Jinhae and Geoje-Hansan Bays with Dense Oyster Farms. Korean J. Fish Aquat. Sci., 50(6): 777-787.
Choi, M. K., Lee, I. S., Kim H. C. and Hwang, D. W. (2015) Distribution and Contamination Status of Trace Metals in Surface Sediments of Shellfish Farming Areas in Yeoja and Gangjin Bay. Korean J. Fish Aquat. Sci., 48(5): 789-797.
Dalman, Ö., Demirak, A. and Balci, A. (2006)Determination of heavy metals (Cd, Pb) and trace elements (Cu, Zn) in sediments and fish of the Southeastern Aegean Sea (Turkey) by atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chem., 95: 157-162.
Dean, R. J., Shimmield, T. M. and Black, K. D. (2007)Copper, zinc and cadmium in marine cage fish farm sediments: an extensive survey. Environ. Pollut., 145:84-95.
EPA. (2012) National coastal condition report Ⅳ, United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development/Office of Water, Washington, DC. 20460: 368.
GNDI. (2012) Strategy for enhancement of shellfish farming in Gyungnam province. GNDI: 1-8.
Hakanson, L. (1980) An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control: a sedimentological approach. Water Research, 14: 975-1001.
Hwang, D. W., Jin, H. G., Kim, S. S., Kim, J. D., Park, J. S. and Kim, S. G. (2006) Distribution of organic matters and metallic elements in the surface sediments of Masan harbor, Korea. Journal of the Korean Fisheries Society, 39: 106-117.
Hwang, D. W., Lee, I. S., Choi, M. K. and Shim, J. H. (2015) Distribution of Organic Matter and Trace Metal Concentrations in Surface Sediments around the Hansan-Geoje Bay. J. of the Korean Society for Environmental AnalysisI, 18(3): 131-143.
Hwang, D. W., Ryu, S. O., Kim, S. G., Choi, O. I., Kim, S. S. and Koh, B. S. (2010) Geochemical characteristics of intertidal surface sediments along the southwestern coast of Korea. Korean J. Fish Aquat. Sci., 43: 146-158.
Jeong, W. G., Cho, S. M. and Lee, S. J. (2014)Physiochemical Characteristics and Heavy Metal in the Surface Sediments of Marine Shellfish Farming Waters in Anjung Bay, Korea. Korean J. Malacol., 30(4): 421-428.
JFRCA. (2006) A Guide Book for the Improvement Plan in Aquaculture (instructor), Japan Fisheries Resource Conservation Association. : 79.
Jung, K. K., Lee, Y. G. and Hwang, J. Y. (1995) Surface Sediment Characteristics and Clay Minerals in Kamag Bay. JKESS, 16(6): 477-488.
KHOA. Online Available. http://www.khoa.go.kr/tdnet/
Kim, C. S., Kim, H. C., Lee, W. C., Hong, S. J., Hwang, D. W., Cho, Y. S., Kim, J. H. and Kim, S. Y. (2017)Geochemical Characteristics of Surface Sediments and an Evaluation of Trace Metal Pollution in Gomso Bay, Korea, 2011. Korean J. Fish Aquat. Sci., 50(5): 567-575.
Kim, K. T., Kim, E. S., Cho, S. R., Chung, K. H. and Park, J. K. (2005) Distribution and pollution of heavy metals in the environmental samples of the Lake Shihwa. J. Kor. Soc. Mar. Environ. Engineer, 8: 148-157.
Kim, P. J., Shon, S. G., Park, S. Y., Kim, S. S., Jang, S. J., Jeon, S. B. and Ju, J. S. (2012) Biogeochemistry of metal and nonmetal elements in the surface sediment of the Gamak Bay. J. Kor. Soc. Mar. Environ. Saf., 18: 67-83.
Kimbrough, K. L., Johnson, W. E., Lauenstein, G. G., Christensen, J. D. and Apeti, D. A. (2008) An assessment of two decades of contaminant monitoring in the nation’s coastal zone. NOOA, Report no. NOS NCCOS 74 : 105.
Lee, M. K., Bae, W., Um, I. K. and Jung, H. S. (2004)Characteristics of heavy metal distribution in sediments of Youngil Bay, Korea. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 26(5): 543-551.
Lee, W. C., Cho, Y. S., Hong, S. J., Kim, H. C., Kim, J. B. and Lee, S. M. (2011) Estimation of Ecological Carrying Capacity for Oyster Culture by Ecological Indicator in Geoje-Hansan Bay. Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, 17(4): 315-322.
Lim, D. I., Choi, J. W., Shin, H. H., Jeong, D. H. and Jung, H. S. (2013) Toxicological impact assessment of heavy metal contamination on macrobenthic communities in southern coastal sediments of Korea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 73: 362-368.
MIFAFF. (2009) Report on water quality status in farming areas of Korea in 2009. MIFAFF. Busan. Korea : 1-443.
MLTM. (2011) Basic Survey of Coastal Wetland (2010), MLTM. Busan. Korea : 278.
MOF. (2013a) Marine environment standard methods, Sediment standard method : 21-22.
MOF. (2013b) Marine environment standard methods, Sediment standard method : 32-35.
MOF. (2013c) Marine environment standard methods, Sediment standard method : 9-10.
MOF. (2013d) Marine environment standard methods, Sediment standard method : 42.
MOF. (2018) Marine Environment Management Act, Marine environment standard : 9-10.
Müler, G. (1981) Die Schwermetallbelastung der sediment des Neckars und seiner Nebenflusse: eine Bestandsaufnahme. Chemical Zeitung, 105: 157-164.
Műller, G. (1979) Schwermetalle in den Sediment des Rheins. Veranderungen Sei., 79: 778-783.
NFRDI, (2008) Environmental research of aquaculture farm in Korea, NFRDI 1st Report : 243.
NFRDI. (2002) Environmental Research of Aquaculture Farm 2002. NFRDI report : 1-192.
NFRDI. (2009) Environmental Research of Aquaculture Farm in Korea, 1st Report: 243
Noh, I. H., Yoon, Y. H., Kim, D. I. and Park, J. S. (2006) The Spatio-temporal Distrivution of Organic Matter on the Surface Sediment and Its Origin in Gamak Bay, Korea. Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environmental Engineering, 9(1): 1-13.
Ra, K., Kim, E. S., Kim, K. T., Kim, J. K., Lee, J. M. and Choi, J. Y. (2013) Assessment of heavy metal contamination and its ecological risk in the surface sediments along the coast of Korea. Journal of Coastal Research, 65: 105-110.
Rho, T. K., Lee, T. S., Lee, S. R., Choi, M. S., Park, C., Lee, J. H., Lee, J. Y. and Kim, S. S. (2012)Reference values and water quality assessment based on the regional environmental characteristics, 「The Sea」 Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, 17: 45-58.
Sheykhi, V. and Moore, F. (2013) Evaluation of potentially toxic metals pollution in the sediments of the Kor river, southwest Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185: 3219-3232.
Takashi, U. (2008) Validity of acid volatile sulfide as environmental index and experiment for fixing its standard value in aquaculture farms along the coast of Wakayama prefecture, Japan. NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI, 74(Issue 3): 402-411.
Taylor, S. R. (1964) Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust: A new table. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 28: 1273-1285.
Taylor. S. R. and McLennan, S. M. (1995) The geochemical evolution of the continental crust. Reviews of Geophysics, 33: 241-265.
Tomlinson, D. L., Wilson, J. G., Harris, C. R. and Jeffrey, D. W. (1980) Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 33: 566-575.