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  • P-ISSN 1225-0163
  • E-ISSN 2288-8985

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    Vol.35, No.4
    PubReader Citation Share

    The whole wheat effect and refined with E-selectin polymorphism on breast cancer

    Analytical Science and Technology / Analytical Science and Technology, (P)1225-0163; (E)2288-8985
    2022, v.35 no.4, pp.161-168
    https://doi.org/10.5806/AST.2022.35.4.161
    Bilal Fadıl Zakariya (Department of Biology, Institute of Sciences, Çankiri Karatekin University, Turkey)
    Asmaa M. Salih Almohaidi (Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Iraq)
    Seçil Akilli Şimşek (Department of Biology, Institute of Sciences, Çankiri Karatekin University, Turkey)
    Areege Mustafa Kamal (Department of Pathology / Oncology, Medical City Teaching Hospital, Iraq)
    Wijdan H. Al-Dabbagh (Department of Oncology, Medical City Teaching Hospital, Iraq)
    Safaa A. Al-Waysi (Department of microbiology, Medical City Teaching Hospital, Iraq)
    Bilal, F. Z. , Asmaa, M. S. A. , Seçil, A. Ş. , Areege, M. K. , Wijdan, H. A. , & Safaa, A. A. (2022). The whole wheat effect and refined with E-selectin polymorphism on breast cancer. Analytical Science and Technology, 35(4), 161-168, https://doi.org/10.5806/AST.2022.35.4.161
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    Abstract

    Wheat is rich in sources of fiber, oligosaccharides, and resistant starch, simple carbohydrates which may have a protective role against carcinoma. Additionally, Whole wheat/bran as well includes contains phytochemicals such as flavonoids, lignans, folate, phytosterols, phenolic acids, and tocols. The above phytochemicals suitable forms antioxidant and cholesterol-reducing activities. Phytoestrogens are regarded as especially essential in the preventative measures of hormonally dependent malignancies such as breast cancer (BC). In this study lowered BC risk has been associated with whole grain/bran consumption with an odds ratio (OR=0.24 and 95 %CI=0.10-0.56). Wheat/bran appears to have a reliable protective impact against BC. While intake of white bread has been associated with a high risk of BC (OR=2.63 and CI 95 %=1.07-6.48). Also, the E-Selectin (SELE) Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs5353 A/G and rs932307 C/T were investigated using the sanger sequences approach. There was a positive association between genotypes (rs5353 GG+AG) and (rs932307 TT+CT) with rate consumption of wheat-white/bread and these genotypes were more frequent in patients had BC in comparison with a significant difference (P=0.03) (P=0.01), respectively. The genotypes (GG+AG) frequency of the rs5353 polymorphism and (TT+CT) genotypes of the rs932307 polymorphism in the present study had a high risk of cancer with (OR=3.05), (OR=4.17) respectively. While these genotypes showed no significant association with the rate of whole grain consumption in patients and control. Therefore, the type of wheat may associate with increased incidence of disease-related with type of Polymorphism because some present genotypes of SNPs showed high (OR) which may refer to their positive associated with disease, the white wheat consumption may active the risky association between SNPs and BC.

    keywords
    wheat, whole grain, fiber, breast cancer, SELE, SNPs


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