This study was conducted with the intention of clarifying the effects of land-use types on a species of ground beetle’s richness,abundance, and composition; the study focused on urban landscapes. We also selected the potential bioindicators classifying land-use types; eleven sites were selected from an urban landscape in Korea. Overall, land-use types in urban landscapes did not appear to cause significant decrease in species richness or the abundance of total ground beetle assemblage. According to habitat preferences, several land-use types and distances from the forest significantly affected the species richness and abundance, while the open-habitat species were not affected by these variables. Land-use types were classified into two major groups, forest and non-forest areas, based on ground beetle assemblage; several indicators,such as Dolichus halensis halensis and subfamily Carabinae species, were of particular consideration. In conclusion, environmental change by anthropogenic disturbance can cause different effects on ground beetle assemblages, and forest specialists can be negatively affected.
Alaruikka D, Kotze DJ, Matveinen K, Niemelä J. 2002. Carabid beetle and spider assemblages along a forested urban-rural gradient in southern Finland. J Insect Conserv 6: 195-206.
Angold PG, Sadler JP, Hill MO, Pullin A, Rushton S, Austin K, Small E, Wood B, Wadsworth R, Sanderson R, Thompson K. 2006. Biodiversity in urban habitat patches. Sci Total Environ 360: 196-204.
Choi IK, Oh CH, Lee EH. 2008. The suggestion for classification of biotope type for nationwide application. Korean J Environ Ecol 22: 666-678.
Choi YC, Park HC, Kim JG, Sim HS, Kwon OS. 2004. Selection of indicator insects for the evaluation of agricultural environment. Korean J Appl Entomol 43: 267-273.
Clark TE, Samways MJ. 1997. Sampling arthropod diversity for urban ecological landscaping in a species-rich southern hemisphere botanic garden. J Insect Conserv 1: 221-234.
Clarke KR, Gorley RN. 2001. PRIMER v5: User Manual/Tutorial. PRIMER-E, Plymouth.
Clarke KR, Warwick RM. 2001. Change in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation. 2nd ed. PRIMER-E, Plymouth.
Csorba P, Szabó S. 2009. Degree of human transformation of landscapes: a case study from Hungary. Hung Geogr Bull 58: 91-99.
da Silva PM, Aguiar CAS, Niemelä J, Sousa JP, Serrano ARM. 2008. Diversity patterns of ground-beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) along a gradient of land-use disturbance. Agric Ecosyst Environ 124: 270-274.
Darlington PJ. 1943. Carabidae of mountains and islands: data on the evolution of isolated faunas, and on atrophy of wings. Ecol Monogr 13: 37-61.
de Warnaffe GDB, Lebrun P. 2004. Effects of forest management on carabid beetles in Belgium: implications for biodiversity conservation. Biol Conserv 118: 219-234.
Deichsel R. 2006. Species change in an urban setting-ground and rove beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae and Staphylinidae) in Berlin. Urban Ecosyst 9: 161-178.
Desender K, Turin H. 1989. Loss of habitats and changes in the composition of the ground and tiger beetle fauna in four West European countries since 1950 (Coleoptera: Carabidae, cicindelidae). Biol Conserv 48: 277-294.
Dufrêne M, Legendre P. 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecol Monogr 67: 345-366.
Elek Z, Lövei GL. 2007. Patterns in ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages along an urbanisation gradient in Denmark. Acta Oecol 32: 104-111.
Environmental Geographic Information System (EGIS). 2011. http://egis.me.go.kr/egis/. Accessed 12 December 2011.
Eversham BC, Roy DB, Telfer MG. 1996. Urban, industrial and other manmade sites as analogues of natural habitats for Carabidae. Ann Zool Fenn 33: 149-156.
Fujita A, Maeto K, Kagawa Y, Ito N. 2008. Effects of forest fragmentation on species richness and composition of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae and Brachinidae) in urban landscapes. Entomol Sci 11: 39-48.
Gaublomme E, Hendrickx F, Dhuyvetter H, Desender K. 2008. The effects of forest patch size and matrix type on changes in carabid beetle assemblages in an urbanized landscape. Biol Conserv 141: 2585-2596.
Gobbi M, De Bernardi F, Pelfini M, Rossaro B, Brandmayr P. 2006. Epigean arthropod succession along a 154-year glacier foreland chronosequence in the Forni Valley (Central Italian Alps). Arct Antarct Alp Res 38: 357-362.
Gray JS. 1989. Effects of environmental stress on species rich assemblages. Biol J Linn Soc 37: 19-32.
Habu A. 1967. Fauna Japonica, Carabidae Truncatipennes Group (Insecta: Coleoptera). Biogeographical Society of Japan, Tokyo.
Habu A. 1973. Fauna Japonica, Carabidae: Harpalini (Insecta: Coleoptera). Keigaku Publishing Co. Ltd., Tokyo.
Habu A. 1978. Fauna Japonica, Carabidae: Platynini (Insecta: Coleoptera). Keigaku Publishing Co. Ltd., Tokyo.
Halme E, Niemelä J. 1993. Carabid beetles in fragments of coniferous forest. Ann Zool Fenn 30: 17-30.
Hill MO. 1979. TWINSPAN: a FORTRAN Program for Arranging Multivariate Data in an Ordered Two-Way Table by Classification of the Individuals and the Attributes. Cornell University, Ithaka, NY.
Ishitani M, Kotze DJ, Niemelä J. 2003. Changes in carabid beetle assemblages across an urban-rural gradient in Japan. Ecography 26: 481-489.
Jongman RHG, ter Braak CJF, van Tongeren OFR. 1995. Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Kang BH, Lee JH, Park JK. 2009. The study on the characteristics of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) community for conservation of biodiversity in agricultural landscape. Korean J Environ Ecol 23: 545-552.
Kavanaugh DH. 1985. On wing atrophy in carabid beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae), with special reference to Neartic Nebria. In: Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Zoogeography of Beetles and Ants: A Volume Dedicated to the Memory of Philip Jackson Darlington, Jr. 1904-1983 (Ball GE, ed). Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, pp 408-431.
Kwon YJ, Lee SM. 1984. Classification of the Subfamily Carabinae from Korea (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Insecta Koreana, Series 4, Editorial Committee of Insecta Koreana, Seoul.
Lövei GL, Sunderland KD. 1996. Ecology and behavior of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Annu Rev Entomol 41: 231-256.
Magura T. 2002. Carabids and forest edge: spatial pattern and edge effect. For Ecol Manag 157: 23-37.
Magura T, Lövei GL, Tóthmérész B. 2008a. Time-consistent rearrangement of carabid beetle assemblages by an urbanisation gradient in Hungary. Acta Oecol 34: 233-243.
Magura T, Tóthmérész B, Molnár T. 2004. Changes in carabid beetle assemblages along an urbanisation gradient in the city of Debrecen, Hungary. Landsc Ecol 19: 747-759.
Magura T, Tóthmérész B, Molnár T. 2008b. A species-level comparison of occurrence patterns in carabids along an urbanisation gradient. Landsc Urban Plann 86: 134-140.
McCune B, Grace JB. 2002. Analysis of Ecological Communities. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, OR.
McIntyre NE. 2000. Ecology of urban arthropods: a review and a call to action. Ann Entomol Soc Am 93: 825-835.
Niemelä J. 2000. Biodiversity monitoring for decision-making. Ann Zool Fenn 37: 307-317.
Niemelä J. 2001. Carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and habitat fragmentation: a review. Eur J Entomol 98: 127-132.
Niemelä J, Kotze J, Ashworth A, Brandmayr P, Desender K, New T, Penev L, Samways M, Spence J. 2000. The search for common anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity: a global network. J Insect Conserv 4: 3-9.
Niemelä J, Kotze DJ, Venn S, Penev L, Stoyanov I, Spence J, Hartley D, De Oca EM. 2002. Carabid beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Carabidae) across urban-rural gradients: an international comparison. Landsc Ecol 17: 387-401.
Park JK. 2004. Subfamily Carabinae in Korea (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Economic Insects of Korea 23. Insecta Koreana Supplement 30. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Suwon.
Park JK. 2010. Insect fauna of urban green park in Daegu metropolitan city, Korea (II). Korean Turfgrass Sci 24: 182-190.
Park JK, Paik JC. 2001. Family Carabidae. Economic Insects of Korea 12. Insecta Koreana Supplement 19. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Suwon.
Pearce D, Moran D. 1994. The Economic Value of Biodiversity. Earthscan publications Ltd., London.
Pyle R, Bentzien M, Opler P. 1981. Insect conservation. Annu Rev Entomol 26: 233-258.
R Development Core Team. 2010. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.
Sadler JP, Small EC, Fiszpan H, Telfer MG, Niemelä J. 2006. Investigating environmental variation and landscape characteristics of an urban-rural gradient using woodland carabid assemblages. J Biogeogr 33: 1126-1138.
Sasakawa K, Kim JL, Kim JK, Kubota K. 2006. Descriptions of two new species of Pristosia (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from South Korea. Ann Entomol Soc Am 99: 1006-1011.
Seaby RMH, Henderson PA. 2002. Community Analysis Package Version 2.0: A Program to Search for Structure in Ecological Community Data. Pisces Conservation Ltd., Lymington.
Vanbergen AJ, Woodcock BA, Watt AD, Niemelä J. 2005. Effect of land-use heterogeneity on carabid communities at the landscape scale. Ecography 28: 3-16.
Venn SJ, Kotze DJ, Niemelä J. 2003. Urbanization effects on carabid diversity in boreal forests. Eur J Entomol 100: 73-80.
Weller B, Ganzhorn J. 2004. Carabid beetle community composition, body size, and fluctuating asymmetry along an urban-rural gradient. Basic Appl Ecol 5: 193-201.
Wilcox BA, Murphy DD. 1985. Conservation strategy: the effects of fragmentation on extinction. Am Nat 125: 879-887.