ISSN : 2287-8327
Ant communities are well suited for monitoring changes in ecosystems. Although numerous studies have examined the responses of ant communities to environmental disturbance, relatively few long-term studies on ant communities have been undertaken in urban environments. We examined species richness in nine urban parks in Hiroshima, Japan, and compared the survey results with data collected at the same sites using the same methods in 1999. In both surveys, total of 25 species was recorded: 23 species in 1999 and 20 species in 2012. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that the ant communities consisted of two distinct groups, which could in turn be characterized by three patterns of ant community changes in between the two groups. The first of these community change patterns was characterized by a shift within group 1, but the number of species remaining constant (approx. 10 species). The second pattern was characterized by a shift within group 2, but the number of species remained low (approx. 4 species). The third pattern was characterized by a shift from group 1 to group 2 as the abundance of Linepithema humile (Mayr) increased over time. Unlike the first and second patterns, the number of ant species in communities of the third type decreased significantly. These findings suggest that L. humile has a marked effect on the species diversity of indigenous ant communities in urban environments.
Alonso LE, Agosti D. 2000. Biodiversity studies, monitoring and ants: an overview. In: Ants Standard Methods for Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity (Agosti D, Majer JD, Alonso LE, Schultz TR, eds). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp 1-8.
Antonova V. 2005. Species diversity and distribution of ants in different habitats in the parks of the city of Sofia. In: Biodiversity, Ecosystems, Global changes. I-st National Scientific Conference in Ecology (Chipev N, Bogoev V, eds). Petekston Press, Sofia, pp 231-236.
Buczkowski G, Richmond DS. 2012. The effects of urbanization on ant abundance and diversity: a temporal examination of factors affecting biodiversity. PLoS ONE. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0041729.
Clarke KR. 1993. Nonparametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Aust J Ecol 18: 117-143.
Clarke KR, Gorley RN. 2001. PRIMER v. 5: User Manual/Tutorial. Primer-E, Plymouth.
Holway DA, Suarez AV. 2006. Homogenization of ant communities in the mediterranean California: the effects of urbanization and invasion. Biol Conserv 127: 319-326.
Human KG, Gordon DM. 1996. Exploitation and interference competition between the invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, and native ant species. Oecologia 105: 405-412.
Japanese Ant Database Group. 2003. Japanese Ant Image Database. http://ant.edb.miyakyo-u.ac.jp/E/index.html. Accessed 18 May 2013.
Krebs CJ. 1989. Ecological Methodology. Harper Collins, New York, NY.
Menke SB, Guenard B, Sexton JO, Weiser MD, Dunn RR, Silverman J. 2011. Urban areas may serve as habitat and corridors for dry-adapted, heat tolerant species; an example from ants. Urban Ecosyst 14: 135-163.
Miyake K, Kameyama T, Sugiyama T, Ito F. 2002. Effect of Argentine ant invasions on Japanese ant fauna in Hiroshima prefecture, western Japan: a preliminary report (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 39: 465-474.
Morrison LW. 2002. Long term impacts of an arthropod community invasion by the imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Ecology 83: 2337-2345.
Ogata K. 2001. Time unit sampling: a protocol. ANeT Newsletter 3: 18-19.
Oliveras J, Bas JM, Gómez C. 2005. Reduction of the ant mandible gap range after biotic homogenization caused by an ant invasion (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 45: 1-10.
Porter SD, Savignano DA. 1990. Invasion of polygyne fire ants decimates native ants and disrupts arthropod community. Ecology 71: 2095-2106.
Radomski PJ, Goeman TJ. 1995. The homogenizing of Minnesota lake fish assemblages. Fisheries 20: 20-23.
Ribas CR, Campos RBF, Schmidt FA, Solar RRC. 2012. Ants as indicators in Brazil: a review with suggestions to improve the use of ants in environmental monitoring programs. Psyche. DOI 10.1155/2012/636749.
Sanford MP, Manley PN, Murphy DD. 2009. Effects of urban development on ant communities: implications for ecosystem services and management. Conserv Biol 23: 131-141.
Stringer LD, Stephens AEA, Suckling DM, Charles JG. 2009. Ant dominance in urban areas. Urban Ecosyst 12: 503-514.
Stuart YE, Losos JB, Algar AC. 2012. The island-mainland species turnover relationship. Proc R Soc B 279: 4071-4077.
Sunamura E, Nishisue K, Terayama M, Tatsuki S. 2007. Invasion of four Argentine ant supercolonies into Kobe Port, Japan: their contributions and effects on indigenous ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 50: 659-674.
Thompson B, Mclachlan S. 2007. The effects of urbanization on ant communities and myrmecochory in Manitoba, Canada. Urban Ecosyst 10: 43-52.
Touyama Y. 2000. Estimating species richness: an application of time unit sampling method to a myrmecofaunal survey. Jpn J Environ Entomol Zool 11: 51-60.
Touyama Y, Ogata K, Sugiyama T. 2003. The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, in Japan: assessment of impact on species diversity of ant communities in urban environments. Entomol Sci 6: 57-62.
Van der Gucht K, Vandekerckhove T, Vloemans N, Cousin S, Muylaert K, Sabbe K, Gillis M, Declerk S, De Meester L, Vyverman W. 2005. Characterization of bacterial communities in four freshwater lakes differing in nutrient load and food web structure. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 53: 205-220.
Yamaguchi T. 2004. Influence of urbanization on ant distribution in parks of Tokyo and Chiba City, Japan I. Analysis of ant species richness. Ecol Res 19: 209-216.
Yamaguchi T. 2005. Influence of urbanization on ant distribution in parks of Tokyo and Chiba City, Japan II. Analysis of species. Ecol Res 8: 17-25.