- KOREAN
- P-ISSN2287-8327
- E-ISSN2288-1220
- SCOPUS, KCI
ISSN : 2287-8327
Seasonal fluctuations and changing characteristics of a temperate zone wetland bird community
Abstract
Background: The composition of wild bird populations in temperate zones greatly varies depending on phenological changes rather than other environmental factors. Particularly, wild birds appearing in wetlands fluctuate greatly due to the crossover of species arriving for breeding during the summer and for wintering. Therefore, to understand the changes to species composition related to phenology, we conducted this basic analysis of populations to further the cause of the protection of wetland-dependent wild birds. Methods: It is wrong to simply divide a wild bird population investigation into seasons. This study identifies species composition and indicator species that change along with seasons. Wetlands to be surveyed are protected by natural monuments and wetland inventory and are in a state close to nature. In order to identify as many species as possible in wetlands, a survey was conducted in both shallow and deep wetlands. The water depth varied in these areas, ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 m, allowing for both dabbling and diving ducks to inhabit the area. Surveys were conducted using line-transect and distance sampling methods and were conducted at intervals of 2 weeks. The survey was conducted under the following three categories: the eco-tone and emergent zone, the submergent zone, and the water surface. The survey was conducted along a wetland boundary by observing wild birds. A PC-ord program was used for clustering, and the SAS program was used to analyze the changes in species composition. The data strongly indicates that day length is the main factor for seasonal migration periods, despite the fact that climate change and increasing temperatures are often discussed. Results and conclusions: The indicator species for determining seasons include migrant birds such as Ardea cinerea, Alcedo atthis, Anas penelope, and Poiceps ruficollis, as well as resident birds such as Streptopelia orientalis and Emberiza elegans. Importantly, increases in local individual counts of these species may also serve as indicators. The survey results of seasonal fluctuations in temperate zones shows that spring (April to June), summer (July to September), autumn (October), and winter (November to March) are clearly distinguishable, even though spring and summer seasons tend to overlap, leading to the conclusion that additional research could more clearly identify fluctuation patterns in species composition and abundance in the study area.
- keywords
- Indicator species, Seasonal fluctuation, Wetland bird community, Temperate zone, Species composition, Seasonal migration periods, Climate change
Reference
Anderson BW. Seasonal variations in forest birds of Western Oregon. Northwest Sci. 1972;46(3):194–206.
Anderson BW, Ohmart RD, Rice J. Seasonal changes in avian density and diversities. Stud Avian Biol. 1981;6:262–4.
Anderson DR. The need to get the basics right in wildlife field studies. Wildl Soc Bull. 2001;29(4):1294–7.
Anderson DR. Response to Engeman: index values rarely constitute reliable information. Wildl Soc Bull. 2003;31(1):288–91.
Avery MC, Riper CV III. Seasonal changes in bird communities of the chaparral and blue-oak woodlands in Central California. Condor. 1989;91:288–95.
Beaumont LJ, McAllan IAW, Hughes L. A matter of timing: changes in the first date of arrival and last date of departure Australian migratory birds. Glob Chang Biol. 2006;12:1339–54.
Best LB. Seasonal changes in detection of individual bird species. Stud Avian Biol. 1981;6:252–61.
Bibby CJ, Burgess ND, Hill DA, Mustoe SH. Bird census technique. San Diego: Academic Press; 2000.
Blake JG. Temporal variation in point counts of birds in a lowland wet forest in Costa Rica. Condor. 1992;94:265–75.
Blake JG, Hanowski JM, Niemi GJ, Collins PT. Annual variation in bird population of mixed conifer-northern hardwood forests. Condor. 1994;96:381–99.
Both C, Bouwhuis S, Lessells CM, Visser ME. Climate change and population declines in a long-distance migratory bird. Nature. 2006;441:81–3.
Bregnballe T, Frederiksen M, Gregersen J. Seasonal distribution and timing of migration of cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis breeding in Denmark. Bird Study. 1997;44:257–76.
Brower JE, Zar JH, von Ende C. Field and laboratory methods for general ecology. Boston: WCB McGraw-Hill; 1977.
Buckland ST. Point-transect surveys for songbirds: robust methodologies. Auk. 2006;123(2):345–57.
Canterbury GE, Martin TE, Petit DR, Petit LJ, Bradford DF. Bird communities and habitat as ecological indicators of forest condition in regional monitoring. Conserv Biol. 2000;14(2):544–58.
Carrascal LM, Potti J, Sánchez-Aguado FJ. Spatio-temporal organization of the bird communities in two Mediterranean montane forests. Holarct Ecol. 1987; 10:185–92.
Chen CC, Chiang PJ, Shieh BS, Lin CC. Diurnal timing of bird surveys using an acoustic monitoring system in the Shan-Ping forest ecological garden. Taiwan J For Sci. 2011;26(4):313–21.
Cherry SG, Derocher AE, Thiemann GW, Lunn NJ. Migration phenology and seasonal fidelity of an Arctic marine predator in relation to sea ice dynamics. J Anim Ecol. 2013;82:912–21.
Cuervo JJ, Møller AP. Temporal variation in population size of European bird species: effects of latitude and marginality of distribution. PLoS One. 2013; 8(10):1–12.
Curtis JT, McIntosh RP. An upland forest continuum in the Prairie-Forest border region of Wisconsin. Ecology. 1951;31:476–96.
Cyr A, Larivee J. Significance of data collected on birds in Quebec, Canada, by nonstandardized methods. In: Oelke H, editor. Bird census work and nature conservation. Germany: Dachverbandes Deutshcer Avifaunisten; 1980. p. 300. 66–76.
Dixit AS, Singh NS. Photoperiod as a proximate factor in control of seasonality in the subtropical male tree sparrow, Passer montanus. Front Zool. 2011;8(1):1–12.
Drapeau P, Leduc A, McNeil R. Refining the use of point counts at the scale of individual points in studies of bird-habitat relationships. J Avian Biol. 1999; 30(4):367–82.
Dunn EH, Bart J, Collins BT, Craig B, Dale B, Downes CM, Francis CM, Woodley S, Zorn P. Monitoring bird populations in small geographic areas. Ottawa: Special publication Canadian Wildlife Service; 2006.
Harrington R, Woiwood I, Sparks TH. Climate change and trophic interactions. Trends Ecol Evol. 1999;14:146–50.
Herrera CM. Organizacion temporal en las communidades de aves. Donana Acta Vertebrata. 1981;8:79–101.
James FC, Johnston RF, Warmer NO, Niemi GJ, Boecklen WJ. The Grinnellian niche of the wood thrush. Am Nat. 1984;124:17–47.
Järvinen O, Vxisxnen RA, Haila Y. Bird census results in different years, stages of the breeding season and times of the day. Ornis Fenn. 1977;54:108–18.
Kar D. Wetlands and lakes of the world. New York: Springer; 2013.
Kim MJ, Lee SD, Kim JS. Selecting the Optimal Research Time for Forest Birds Census in each Season. Korean J Environ Ecol. 2013;27(2):219–229.
Lee SD. Research method for the sustainable ecological restoration of major wetland based on wetland roadmap in Gyeongsangnam-do. Changwon: Gyeongnam green environment council; 2009.
Lee SD, Kim MJ. Development of ecosystem assessment index for the priority management of inland wetland in Gyeongsangnam-do. Pro Kor Soc Env Con. 2010;20(1):89–92.
Lefebvre G, Poulin B. Seasonal abundance of migrant birds and food resources in Panamnian mangrove forests. Wilson Bull. 1996;108(4):748–59.
Lowther PE. The effect of time of day on avian census results. Auk. 1975;94: 380–3.
Mackenzie DI, Nichols JD, Llachman GB, Droege S, Royle JA, Langtimm CA. Estimating site occupancy rates when detection probabilities are less than on. Ecology. 2002;83:2248–55.
MacNally R. A winter’s tale: among-year variation in bird community structure in a southeastern Australian forest. Aust J Ecol. 1996;21:280–91.
Marica PP, Francis CM, Mulvihill RS, Moore FR. The influence of climate on the timing and rate of spring bird migration. Oecologia. 2005;142:307–15.
Marsden SJ, Symes CT. Bird richness and composition along and agricultural gradient in New Guinea: the influence of land use, habitat heterogeneity and proximity to intact forest. Austral Ecol. 2008;33:784–93.
Martin TE. Nest predation and nest sites: new perspectives on old patterns. BioScience. 1993;43:523–32.
Martin TE. Avian life history evolution in relation to nest sites, nest predation and food. Ecol Monogr. 1995;65:101–27.
Martin TE, Li P. Life history traits of open- versus cavity-nesting birds. Ecology. 1992;73:579–92.
McCallum DA. A conceptual guide to detection probability for point counts and other count-based survey methods, USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-191; 2005. p. 754–61.
Michot TC, Woodin MC, Adair SE, Moser EB. Diurnal time-activity budgets of redhead (Aythya americana) wintering in seagrass beds and coastal ponds in Louisiana and Texas. Hydrobiologia. 2006;567:113–28.
Misra M, Rani S, Singh S, Kumar V. Regulation of seasonality in the migratory male blackheaded bunting (Emberiza melanocephala). Reprod Nutr Dev. 2004;44:341–52.
Nally RM. Monitoring forest bird communities for impact assessment: the influence of sampling intensity and spatial scale. Biol Conserv. 1997;82:355–67.
New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. 2010. Baseline wildlife study guideline.
Newton I. The migration ecology of birds. London: Academic Press; 2007.
Nichols JD. Capture-recapture models: using marked animals to study population dynamics. BioScience. 1992;42(2):94–102.
Nsor CA, Obodai EA. Environmental determinants influencing seasonal variations of bird diversity and abundance in wetlands, northern region (Ghana). Ann Exp Biol. 2014;2(3):17–30.
Oliveira LF. Census techniques for birds of prey in large areas of Portugal. Holarctic Birds of Prey; 1998. p. 373–9.
Osbornel WS, Green K. Seasonal changes in composition, abundance and foraging behaviour of birds in the Snowy Mountains. EMU. 1992;92:93–105.
Palmeirim JM, Rabaça JE. A method to analyze and compensate for time-of-day effects on bird counts. J Field Ornithol. 1994;65(1):17–26.
Poulin B, Lefebvre G, McNeil R. Tropical avian penology in relation to abundance and exploitation of food resources. Ecology. 1992;73:2295–309.
Richardson WJ. Bird migration and wind turbines: migration timing, flight behavior and collision risk, National Avian-Wind power Planning meeting III; 1990. p. 132–40.
Robbins CS. Bird activity levels related to weather. Stud Avian Biol. 1981;6:301–10.
Robbins CS, Bystrak D, Geissler PH. The breeding bird survey: its first fifteen years, 1965-1979. Washington D.C: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Resource Publication; 1986.
Rollfinke BF, Yahner RH. Effects of time of day and season on winter bird counts. Condor. 1990;92:215–9.
Root TL, Price JT, Hall KR, Schneider SH, Rosenzweigk C, Pounds JA. Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants. Nature. 2003;421:57–60.
Savard JPL, Hooper TD. Influence of survey length and radius size on grassland bird surveys by point counts at Williams Lake, British Columbia, USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-149; 1995. p. 57–62.
Scott, D.A. 1989. A Directory of Asian Wetlands. http://ramsar.wetlands.org.
Scott G. Essential ornithology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010.
Selmi S, Boulinier T. Does time of season influence bird species number determined from point-count data? A capture-recapture approach. J Field Ornithol. 2003;74(4):349–56.
Seoane J, Villen-Perez S, Carrascal LM. Environmental determinants of seasonal change in bird diversity of Mediterranean oakwoods. Ecol Res. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-013-1032-2.
Suárez-Seoane S, García de la Morena EL, Morales Prieto MB, Osborne PE, de Juana E. Maximum entropy niche-based modelling of seasonal changes in little bustard (Tetrax tetrax) distribution. Ecol Model. 2008;219:17–29.
Svensson SE. Efficiency of two methods for monitoring bird population levels: breeding bird census contra counts of migrating birds. OIKOS. 1978;30:373–86.
Tewary PD, Dixit AS. Photoperiodic control of the ovarian cycle in the rosefinch, Carpodacus erythrinus. J Exp Zool. 1983;228:537–42.
Underhill LG, Prys-Jones RP, Harrison JA, Martinez P. Seasonal patterns of occurrence of Palaearctic migrants in southern Africa using atlas data. IBIS. 1992;134(SUPPL. 1):99–108.
Verner J, Ritter LV. Hourly variation in morning point counts of birds. Auk. 1986; 103:117–24.
Wagner J. Seasonal change in guild structure: oak woodland insectivorous birds. Ecology. 1981;62:973–81.
Walther GR, Post E, Convey P, Menzel A, Parsnesan C, Beebee TJC, Fromentin JM, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Bairlein F. Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature. 2002;416:389–95.
Watson DM. The ‘standardized search’: an improved way to conduct bird survey. Austral Ecology. 2003;28:515–25.
Weller F. A comparison of different approaches to monitoring bird density on New Zealand sheep and beef farms. N Z J Ecol. 2012;36(3):1–9.
Wetland International. Guidance on waterbird monitoring methodology: field protocol for waterbird counting; 2010. p. 15.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations