ISSN : 2733-4538
자살 심상은 자살 행동과 관련하여 마음속에 떠올리는 이미지 또는 정신적 표상으로 정의된다. 본 연구에서는 자살 심상을 평가할 수 있는 자기보고식 척도를 개발하고 척도의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 먼저 선행연구를 기반으로 자살 심상의 주요 구성요소로 자발적자살 심상, 침습적 자살 심상, 자살 심상의 생생함과 몰입의 세 가지 영역을 측정하는 21개의 예비문항을 개발하였다. 연구 1 결과, 자발적자살 심상과 침습적 자살 심상으로 구성된 2요인 구조가 자료에 가장 잘 부합하였고, 생생함과 몰입 요인은 제거되었다. 연구 2에서 이 2요인 구조는 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 통해 재확인되었고, 그 결과 10개 문항이 최종 선정되었다. 10문항, 2요인으로 이루어진자살 심상 척도의 내적일치도와 2주 간격으로 실시된 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 우수하였고, 수렴타당도, 변별타당도, 준거타당도가 모두 적합하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 자살 심상 척도가 자살 심상을 측정하는 신뢰롭고 타당한 척도임을 시사한다.
Suicidal imagery refers to an image or mental representation related to suicidal behavior. This study aims to develop a self-report measure of suicidal imagery, named the Suicidal Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ). In study 1, 21 items were developed based on previous research to measure three sub-components of suicidal imagery: spontaneous suicidal imagery, intrusive suicidal imagery, and vividness or preoccupation with suicidal imagery. Factor analysis supported a two-factor structure that included spontaneous suicidal imagery and intrusive suicidal imagery. The vividness or preoccupation factor was excluded. In study 2, the two-factor structure of suicidal imagery was confirmed in a separate sample of community adults and 10 items were included in the instrument. The 10-item self-report questionnaire of suicidal imagery had good internal consistency and test-retest reliability (after a two-weeks interval). The questionnaire had also good convergent and discriminant validity, as well as criterion-related validity. Overall, the SIQ is a reliable and valid assessment tool for suicidal imagery.
연구는 성인 초기 대학생들의 대학생활적응과 우울의 관계에 대해 살펴보고, 그 과정에서 사회연결망의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 구체적으로, 사회연결망의 기존 측정 방식인 크기나 접촉빈도에서 나아가 질적인 의미를 반영한 ‘친밀연결망’과 ‘상의연결망’ 지표를 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대학생 145명을 대상으로 대학생활적응, 우울 척도를 실시하고, 사회연결망을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 대학생활적응은우울과 부적인 관계를 나타냈고, 대학생활적응과 우울의 관계에서 지인연결망 크기의 조절효과는 유의하지 않았으나 친밀연결망과 상의연결망의 조절효과는 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 대학생활에서 부적응을 겪는 학생들에게 친밀감을 느끼고 상의할 수 있는 인적 자원은우울의 예방적 측면에서 중요한 요인으로 작동하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 연구의 의의 및 제한점을 검토하고 임상적 시사점을 논의하였다.
This study aims to assess the relationship between college adaptation and depression in early adult college female students and examine the moderating effects of social networks within this process. Specifically, this study evaluated the “Intimacy Network” and “Discussion Network” indicators, which represent the qualitative aspects of social networks. A total of 145 college students completed a survey comprising the following instruments: Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ), the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and a general social survey name generator. Results regarding adaptation to college life showed a negative relationship with depression. Although the moderating effect of network size was not significant, the moderating effect of intimacy networks and discussion networks was significant. This study emphasizes the role of human resources in mediating the level of depression among college students by highlighting the importance of intimacy and the ability to have in-depth discussions with other people. By examining the changes in psychological views and implementing a new estimation method that complements the existing network indicators, this study shows the practical value of analyzing the social relationships of college students. Finally, the limitations and clinical implications of this study are also discussed.
본 연구는 사회불안에 영향을 미치는 완벽주의적 자기제시의 심리적 과정을 이해하고, 이 과정에서 자기-구조와 관련된 자기조직화와 자기개념 명확성이 각각 다른 조절효과를 나타내는지 검증하였다. 대학생 392명에게 완벽주의적 자기제시, 자기조직화 양식, 자기개념 명확성, 스트레스, 사회불안에 관한 설문을 실시하였다. 분석결과 완벽주의적 자기제시, 스트레스, 자기조직화 하위 변인들의 3원상호작용 효과가 사회불안에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 대인관계 스트레스 상황에서 불완전함 은폐노력-행동적 성향을 보이더라도 통합적으로 자기개념을 조직화할 수 있다면 사회불안을 덜 경험하였다. 자기개념 명확성의 조절효과는 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다. 끝으로, 이러한 결과들의 임상적 시사점 및 본 연구의 제한점을 논의하였다.
This study aimed to understand the psychological process of perfectionistic self-presentation that affects social anxiety and verify if self-organization and self-concept clarity have different moderating effects in this process. A survey was conducted on 392 college students which included perfectionistic self-presentation, self-organization style, self-concept clarity, stress, and social anxiety. Results showed that the three-way interaction of perfectionistic self-presentation, stress, and self-organization had a significant effect on social anxiety. Individuals with integrative self-structures scored lower on social anxiety even when they represent ‘nondisplay of imperfection’ during interpersonal stress situations. Self-concept clarity showed no significant moderating effect on perfectionistic self-presentation, stress, and social anxiety. Finally, the clinical implications of the results and limitations of this study are discussed.
Socially anxious individuals tend to disqualify positive social outcomes by attributing such outcomes to others rather than themselves. Previous research suggests that this tendency is a potentially important target of intervention. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the efficacy of cognitive bias modification (CBM) on attribution bias related to positive social outcomes among socially anxious individuals. A total of 159 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to the CBM or placebo group. Based on their level of social anxiety, participants were subsequently classified into either the high (n= 75) or low social anxiety groups (n= 18). Results showed that CBM was effective in reducing attribution bias related to positive social outcomes in socially anxious individuals. Social anxiety symptoms also diminished after the intervention. The findings of this study provide preliminary evidence regarding the efficacy of CBM for reducing attribution bias related to positive social outcomes and social anxiety
본 연구에서는 접근-회피 과제를 통해 스마트폰 중독 경향성 집단의 접근 편향성을 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대학생 183명 중 스마트폰 중독 경향 고저로 스마트폰 중독 경향성 집단 27명과 일반 사용자 집단 27명을 선정하였고, 접근-회피과제를 실시한 후, 회피반응시간과 접근반응시간을 각각 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 스마트폰 중독 경향성 집단은 일반 사용자 집단보다 스마트폰 관련 자극에 대해 유의하게접근 편향성이 높았으며, 중립 사물 사진에서는 집단 간 차이가 없었다. 추가적으로 스마트폰에 대한 갈망 수준과 스마트폰 중독 수준은스마트폰에 대한 접근편향을 각각 유의하게 예측하였다. 본 연구에서는 스마트폰 중독 경향성 집단의 스마트폰 관련 자극에 대한 접근편향성을 접근-회피 과제를 통해 확인하였다. 마지막으로 연구의 임상적 함의와 제한점 및 후속 연구에 대한 제언을 논의하였다
This study aimed to explore approach bias among individuals with the tendency of having a smartphone addiction. There were 183 male and female students who completed surveys that measured their level of addiction. The smartphone addiction and non-adddiction groups each comprised 27 participants. The approach-avoidance task (AAT) was administered to measure the avoidance and approach reaction time. The smartphone addiction group showed a higher tendency of having an approach bias towards smartphone-related stimulus than the non-addiction group, while no difference was found in the group of neutral stimulus. In addiction, the level of smartphone cravings and addiction predicted the level of approach bias towards smartphone-relevant stimulus. This study suggests the prevalence of approach bias in the smartphone addiction group through the AAT. Clinical implications, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Individuals with sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) experience difficulties in achieving goal-directed behaviors. As time perspective (TP) helps elaborate problems in goal pursuit, this study aimed to identify the TP of individuals with SCT and compare it to individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The screening was performed using the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV, and participants were divided into the following groups: SCT & ADHD (n= 20), SCT only (n= 46), ADHD only (n= 22), and healthy controls (n= 28). To assess TP, participants also completed the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. After controlling for depression and anxiety, the SCT only group showed higher present-fatalistic and future-negative TP compared to healthy controls. The ADHD only group showed higher present-hedonistic and futurenegative TP when compared to healthy controls. These results indicate that individuals with SCT have a generally fatalistic attitude and an aversive view of the future, possibly associated with low engagement in social and academic activities. On the other hand, individuals with ADHD have a present-oriented view and an aversive view of the future, possibly related to impulsivity.
1995년 12월 최초로 제정된 정신보건법이 2016년 정신건강복지법으로 개정되면서 보수교육 의무조항이 최초로 신설되었다. 보수교육은자격 취득 이후에도 전문성 유지 및 향상과 환자 및 내담자에게 제공하는 정신건강 서비스의 질을 높여주는 역할을 하기 때문에 특히 이러한 서비스를 직접 제공하는 직업인 정신건건강전문요원에게는 필수적인 교육이라고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 이같은 중요성에도 불구하고 정신건강임상심리사의 보수교육은 타직역에 비해 교육의 질관리와 효율적인 운영의 근간이 되는 실태조사나 욕구조사에 대한 연구 및 논문이전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 정신건강임상심리사 보수교육의 운영과 교육참여의 활성화 방안을 모색하기 위하여 정신건강임상심리사 자격증 소지자 5인과 Focus Group Interview 형태로 욕구조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 교육의 전반적인 운영 사항, 특히 실무에도움이 되지 않거나 현실과 동떨어진 제한된 교육내용이 가장 시급한 개선사항인 것으로 드러났으며, 교육 참여 활성화와 효율적인 운영을위하여온라인교육활성화, 교육미이수자에대한행정처벌등의여러의견이도출되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구 결과를 토대로 교육의 개선사항을 제안하고자 한다.
The Mental Health Act was first enacted in December 1995 and then revised to the Mental Health Welfare Act in 2016, as a newly established mandatory provision for continuing education. The Mental Health Welfare Act is an essential educational initiative for mental health specialists who are directly providing mental health care management services. It was initiated to enhance the quality of mental health services provided to patients and clients even after qualifications have been acquired. However, despite its importance, there are no studies and research papers on needs assessments of clinical psychologists regarding quality management and effective operations of the educational system compared to other professions. Therefore, in this study, we surveyed the needs of five mental health clinical psychologists and conducted focus group interviews to find out how to operate a continuing education program and effectively promote educational participation. Results showed that the overall educational operations, particularly course contents that were considered not helpful or practical, were identified as the most urgent improvements. To promote participation and efficient operation of the educational process, several recommendations were expressed, such as activating online education programs and administrative sanctions for those who have not completed their education. Finally, improvements to education are suggested based on the results of this study.
This study aimed to examine the clinical utility of the Korean version of the Older Adult Behavior Checklist (OABCL) focusing on depression, anxiety, and dementia, which are the most common mental health problems among elderly people. In total, 92 patients older than 60 years were included in the study. The neuropsychological evaluation included the following instruments: The Mini Mental Status Examination-Korean version (MMSE-K), the Korean-Beck Anxiety Inventory (K-BAI), and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). One-way ANOVAs compared the depression (DP, n= 56), anxiety (AN, n= 18), and dementia (DM, n= 18) groups regarding all OABCL subscales. Diagnostic groups differed significantly on several subscales, and post-hoc tests revealed that the AN group showed significantly lower scores than the DP and DM groups on Functional impairment, Memory/cognition, and DSM–dementia problems. Furthermore, the AN group presented a significantly lower score on DSM-depressive problems than the DP group. Discriminant analysis revealed that the discriminant function classified 82.4% of DP and AN, and also 91.7% of AN and DM correctly. Implications for clinical utility and suggestions for further research are also discussed.
