바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

How accurately do police officers identify the types of questions used in investigative interviews with child victims?

Abstract

The present study examined the accuracy with which police officers identified the types of questions asked during investigative interviews with alleged child abuse victims. Factors affecting their accuracy were also explored. One hundred and twenty Korean police officers were asked to classify 50 questions into one of five categories (invitations, facilitators, directives, option-posing and suggestive prompts). The overall accuracy rate was 65.6%; invitations were correctly classified most often (85.5%) whereas suggestive questions were least accurately identified (42.3%). Police officers tended to overestimate their use of invitations by incorrectly identifying directive questions as invitations. Suggestive questions were mistakenly identified as option-posing questions (22.2%), directive questions (15.1%), and even invitations (5.6%). Being trained to use the NICHD Protocol was the only factor significantly predicting higher accuracy.

keywords
Open-ended question, identify the types of question, the NICHD Protocol, Korean police officers, Investigative interviews, Child sexual abuse, 개방형 질문, 질문유형 분류, NICHD 아동조사면담 프로토콜, 대한민국 경찰관, 성학대 아동 조사면담

Reference

1.

Aldridge, J., & Cameron, S. (1999). Interviewing child witnesses: Questioning techniques and the role of training. Applied Developmental Science, 3, 136-147.

2.

American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children [APSAC]. (1990). Guidelines for psychosocial evaluation of suspected sexual abuse in young children. Chicago. IL: Author.

3.

Anderson, J., Ellefson, J., Lashely, J., Miller, A. L., Olinger, S., Russell, A., Stauffer, K., & Weigman, J. (2010). The CornerHouse Forensic Interview Protocol: RATAC, The Thomas M. Cooley Journal of Practical and Clinical Law. 193-331.

4.

Bruck, M., Ceci, S. J., & Hembrooke, H. (1998). Reliability and credibility of young children's reports: From research to policy and practice. American Psychologist, 53(2), 136.

5.

Cassel, W. S., Roebers, C. E. M., & Bjorklund, D. F. (1996). Developmental Patterns of Eyewitness Responses to Repeated and Increasingly Suggestive Questions. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 61, 116-133.

6.

Cederborg, A. C., Orbach, Y., Sternberg, K. J., & Lamb, M. E. (2000). Investigative interviews of child witnesses in Sweden. Child Abuse &Neglect, 24, 1355-1361.

7.

Davies, G. M., Westcott, H. L., & Horan, N. (2000). The impact of questioning style on the content of investigative interviews with respected child sexual abuse victims. Psychology, Crime, and the Law, 6, 81-97.

8.

Davies, G. M., & Wilson, C. (1997). Implementation of the memorandum: An overview. In H. Westcott & J. Jones (Eds.), Perspectives on the memorandum: Policy, practice and research in investigative interviewing (pp. 1-12). Aldershot, England: Arena Publishers.

9.

Dent, H. R., & Stephenson, G. M. (1979). An experimental study of the effectiveness of different techniques of questioning child witnesses. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25, 13-17.

10.

Fisher, R. P., & Geiselman, R. E. (1992). Memory-enhancing techniques for investigative interviewing: The cognitive interview. Springfield, IF: Charles C. Thomas.

11.

Hershkowitz, I. (2001). Children's responses to open‐ended utterances in investigative interviews. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 6(1), 49-63.

12.

Home Office (1992). Memorandum of good practice on video recorded interviews with child witnesses for criminal proceedings. London: Author, with Department of Health.

13.

Home Office (2007). Achieving best evidence in criminal proceedings (Revised). London: Author.

14.

Lamb, M. E., Hershkowitz, I., Orbach, Y., & Esplin, P. W. (2008). Tell Me What Happened:Structured investigative interviews of child victims and witnesses. Hoboken NJ and Chichester:Wiley.

15.

Lamb, M. E., & Fauchier, A. (2001). The Effects of Question Type on Self- contradictions by Children in the Course of Forensic Interview. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, 483-491.

16.

Lamb, M. E., Orbach, Y., Sternberg, K. J., Hershkowitz, I., & Horowitz, D. (2000). Accuracy of investigators' verbatim notes of their forensic interviews with alleged child abuse victims. Law and Human Behavior, 24(6), 699.

17.

Lamb, M. E., Orbach, Y., Hershkowitz, I., Esplin, P. W., & Horowitz, D. (2007). A structured forensic interview protocols improves the quality and informativeness of investigative interviews with children: A review of research using the NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31, 1201-1231.

18.

Lamb, M. E., Orbach, Y., Sternberg, K. J., Esplin, P. W., & Hershkowitz, I. (2002). The effects of forensic interview practices on the quality of information provided by alleged victims of child abuse. In H. L. Westcott, G. M. Davies, & R. Bull (Eds.), Children’s testimony:A handbook of psychological research and forensic practices (pp.131-145). Chichester, England:Wiley.

19.

Lamb, M. E., Orbach, Y., Sternberg, K. J., Aldridge, J., Pearson, S., Stewart, H. L., Esplin, P. W., & Bowler, L. (2009). Use of a structured investigative protocol enhances the quality of investigative interviews with alleged victims of child sexual abuse in Britain. Applied cognitive psychology, 23, 449- 467.

20.

Lamb, M. E., Sternberg, K. J., Orbach, Y., Esplin, P. W., & Mitchell, S. (2002). Is ongoing feedback necessary to maintain the quality of investigative interviews with allegedly abused children? Applied Developmental Science, 6, 35-41.

21.

Lamb, M. E., Sternberg, K. J., Orbach, Y., Hershkowitz, I., Horowitz, D., & Esplin, P. W. (2002). The Effects of Intensive Training and Ongoing Supervision on the Quality of Investigative Interviews With Alleged Sex Abuse Victims. Applied Developmental Science, 6, 114-125.

22.

Lamb, M. E., Sternberg, K. J., Orbach, Y., Hershkowitz, I., Horowitz, D., & Esplin, P. W. (1999). Forensic Interviews of Children. In A. Memon & R. Bull (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of interviewing pp253-277. NY:Wiley.

23.

LaRooy, D., Lamb, M. E., & Memon, A. (2011). Forensic interviews with children in Scotland:A survey of interview practices among police. Journal of Police Criminal Psychology, 26(1), 26-34.

24.

Milne, B., & Bull, R. (2002). Interviewing victims of crime, including children and people with intellectual disabilities. In M. R. Kebell, & G. M. Davies, G. M. (Eds.), Practical Psychology for Forensic Investigations and Prosecutions. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

25.

Orbach, Y., Hershkowitz, I., Lamb, M. E., Sternberg, K. J., Esplin P. W., & Horowitz, D. (2000). Assessing the value of structured protocols for forensic interviews of alleged abuse victims. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24, 733-752.

26.

Orbach, Y., & Lamb, M. E. (2001). The relationship between within-interview contradictions and eliciting interviewer utterances. Child abuse & neglect, 25(3), 323-333.

27.

Poole, D. A., & White, L. T. (1991). Effects of question repetition on the eyewitness testimony of children and adults. Developmental Psychology, 27(6), 975.

28.

Saywitz, K. J., & Camparo, L. B. (2014). Evidence-based Child Forensic Interviewing. New York: Oxford University Press.

29.

Saywitz, K. J., Lyon, T. D., & Goodman, G. S. (2011). Interviewing children. In J.E.B. Myers (Ed.), The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (3rd ed.; pp.337-360). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

30.

Sternberg, K. J., Lamb, M. E., Hershkowitz, I., Esplin, P. W., Redlich, A., & Sunshine, N. (1996). The relation between investigative utterance types and the informativeness of child witnesses. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 17, 439-451.

31.

Sternberg, K. J., Lamb, M. E., Hershkowitz, I., Yudilevitch, L., Orbach, Y., Esplin, P. W., & Hovav, M. (1997). Effects of introductory style on children’s abilities to describe experiences of sexual abuse. Child Abuse &Neglect, 21, 1133-1146.

32.

Sternberg, K. J., Lamb, M. E., Davies, G. A., & Westcott, H. L. (2001). The Memorandum of Good Practice: Theory versus application. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25, 669-681.

33.

Sternberg, K. J., Lamb, M. E., Orbach, Y., Esplin, P. W., & Mitchell, S. (2001). Use of a structured investigative protocol enhances young children’s responses to free recall prompts in the course of forensic interviews. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 997-1005.

34.

Yi, M., Jo. E., & Lamb, M. E. (2016). Effects of the NICHD Protocol Training on Child Investigative Interview Quality in Korean Police Officers. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 31(2), 155-163. doi.org/10.1007/s11896-015-9170-9

35.

Yi, M. Jo. E., & Lamb, M. E. (2017). Assessing the effectiveness of the NICHD Protocol training focused on episodic memory training and rapport building: A study of Korean police officers. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 32(4), 279-288. doi.org/1 0.1007/s11896-016-9220-y

36.

Yi, M., Lamb, M. E., & Jo. E. (2015). The Quality of Korean Police officers’ Investigative Interviews with Alleged Sexual Abuse Victims as Revealed by Self-Report and Observation. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 30(4), 274-281. doi.org/ 10.1007/s11896-014-9157-y

logo