open access
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open access
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ISSN : 2093-3843
Sexual homicides are difficult to solve as they often appear to be random and motiveless. To help police investigations in apprehending criminals, the present study aimed to classify different types of sexual homicide offenders based on crime-scene behavior. Using the multidimensional methodology of Smallest Space Analysis, the present study showed that sexual homicide crime-scene actions could be differentiated in terms of expressive and instrumental aggression: the expressive theme consisted of violent behaviors centering on hurting the victim, whereas the instrumental theme consisted of behaviors focusing on the benefits the victim provided for the offender. For a more comprehensive examination of the results, crime-scene actions were placed into five behavioral categories: sexual, wounding, planning/control, disposal, and weapon behaviors. Further exploration using the Multidimensional Scalogram Analysis showed that three of these categories, sexual, planning/control, and disposal, were most effective for differentiating sexual homicides.
This study aims at comparing the parent, teacher and friend representation of general teenagers with that of delinquent juveniles. 292 students (148 male students and 144 female students) and 337 delinquent juveniles (274 males and 63 females) in correctional facilities were interviewed. As for delinquent juveniles, the friend representation was the highest, while the teacher representation was the lowest. The gap between the friend representation and the parent representation of delinquent juveniles was very significant. In contrast, the gap between the friend representation and the parent representation of general teenagers was less significant than that of delinquent juveniles. The analysis on the difference in personal representation between general teenagers and delinquent juveniles showed that the parent representation of general teenagers was significantly higher than that of delinquent juveniles, and the friend representation of delinquent juveniles was significantly higher than that of general teenagers. General teenagers showed significantly higher representation on homosexual parents than hetrosexual parents, while delinquent juveniles showed significantly higher representation on hetrosexual parents than homosexual parents. The results imply interpersonal representation is related to the crimes of teenagers.
Psychopathy is known to have a better discriminating capability than any other factors in predicting recidivism. In Western society including Canada, Britain, and the U.S., the meta-analysis of PCL-R, an assessment tool, has been known to have more excellence than any other criminal records, demographic variables or environmental factors, and presents even more excellence than subordinate criteria of MMPI, a self-report test in numerous studies. This study analyzed predicting capability of recidivism through PCL-R scores collected from 82 inmates in prisons in Korea, and 31 offenders on probation under intensive supervision in order to confirm the recidivism prediction capability of PCL-R in Korean offender population. As a result, PCL-R which was developed in the North America still predicts recidivism even of criminals in Korea. This fact suggests that PCL-R will be used very usefully within Korean justice system in which risk assessment issues are not dealt with importance.
The present study examined whether enhanced motivation for beating deception detection measures in people who score high on the Machiavellianism scale improves the detection efficiency of P300-based GKT. Forty-six participants chose for themselves to be deceptive or honest in a mock crime procedure based on information or feedback they would be given following the result of physiological detection. There were significant group difference in Machiavellianism scores between the guilty group and the honest group, which allowed us to confirm the fact that the people who score high on the Machiavellianism scale have predispositions for duplicity and lying over honesty. After experiencing a mock crime, the P300-based GKT was carried out. An one-way ANOVA revealed that only in guilty group, the P300 amplitude of the crime relevant item (the probe) was significantly higher than that of irrelevant items. However, when we conducted an ANCOVA by designating Machiavellianism as a covariate, this difference between the crime relevant item and the irrelevant items was not observed. This result implies that the increased motivation in manipulative people to cope with the deception measure may have an ironical role of improving the detection efficiency of the P300-based GKT.
The main purpose of this study is to develop and examine effectiveness comparison between cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and laughter therapy (LT) for deterring juvenile offenders as a fellow-up study of Chan-Hyun Ryu and Soo-Jung Lee's “Comparison of laughter therapy and cognitive behavior therapy on anger reduction and management institutionalized juvenile delinquents (2009).” While there's been a growing accumulation of longitudinal studies by using the life-table method in survival analysis and logistic regression analysis to identify cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a particularly effective intervention for reducing and deterring the recidivism of juvenile offenders with anger management programs, including self anger management, self control therapy, self-instructional training, self-coaching skills, and self-instructional positive psychotherapy, there's been dearth of clinical trials on the therapeutic effects of laughter therapy (LT) in these areas of research. Hence, the specific aim of this clinical trial was to compare the differential therapeutic effects of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and laughter therapy (LT) on recidivism deterrence and prevention of juvenile delinquents in a 3-year (36 months) follow-up study. 69 delinquent male participants (mean age 20.12 yrs) were traced to be a recidivism rate of 24.6% (n=17) and a survival rate of 75.4% (n=52). Specifically, the positive effects of best practice of the CBT group (n=38) on a recidivism rate of 15.8% (n=6) and a survival rate of 84.2% (n=32) compared to the LT group (n=31) on a recidivism rate of 35.5% (n=11) and a survival rate of 64.5% (n=20) were shown (p = .059). In addition, the mere survival rates between the CBT group and the LT group represented no difference. The following implications and limitations of this study were discussed along with the suggestions for future studies as well.