ISSN : 1225-3480
In this study, The influence of pollutants flowing in from the vicinity of the Sea Areas of Shellfish production for export got calculated by investigating the type, shape and radius of pollutants to determine how much it affects the sea area. In addition, the sanitary condition of seawater and shellfish in the Narodo Sea area was investigated in accordance with Korean, US and EU regulations to ensure the safety of clams, which are the main production shellfish in Narodo. There were 179 sources of pollution in the waters near Narodo, and a total of 28 places where the flow rate was confirmed. As a result of analyzing samples from January 2018 to December 2020 at 4 sites selected as major land pollution sources, it was found that the concentration of fecal coliform intermittently high in the final discharge outlets of Ikgeum Village sewer, Dohwacheon and Deokjungcheon was found. It was confirmed that the radius of influence was about 2.5 km. From January 2018 to December 2020, the water quality at 27 sites and clams, the main production of shellfish produced in the water of Narodo, were investigated. The values of fecal coliform, E. coli and general bacterial counts of clam were confirmed to be < 18-490, < 18-490 MPN/100 g and 10-3,600 CFU/g, respectively. The results of the investigation at 27 seawater points at the same time were confirmed that the range of fecal coliform coli was < 1.8-27 MPN/100 mL. Moreover, the range of geometric mean and 90th percentile was analyzed to be < 1.8-2.3 and < 1.8-5.3 MPN/100 mL, respectively. Therefore, According to this research, It is believed that it can be used as basic scientific data to manage pollutants and ensure the safety of shellfish by evaluating how much major land pollutants around Narodo of Goheung bacteriologically affect the water quality and shellfish in the sea area.
AOAC International. (2002) AOAC guidelines for single laboratory validation of chemical methods for dietary supplements and botanicals. Gaithersburg, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
APHA. (1970) Recommended procedures for the examination of seawater and shellfish. 4th Edition. pp. 1-47, American Public Health Association, Washington DC, USA.
Choi, W.S., Yoon, M.C., Jo, M.R., Kwon, J.Y., Kim, J.H., Lee, H.J., Kim, P.H. (2017) Heavy Metal Contents in Internal Organs and Tissues of Scallops Patinopecten yessoensis and Comb Pen Shell Atrina pectinate. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50: 487-493.
European Commission. (2015) Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/2285 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 854/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down specific rules for the organisation of official controls on products of animal origin intended for human consumption as regards certain requirements for live bivalve molluscs, echinoderms, tunicates and marine gastropods and Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union, 9: 12.
Hunter C, Perkins J, Tranter J, Gunn J. (1999) Agricultural land-use effects on the indicator bacterial quality of an upland stream in the Derbyshire Peak District in the UK. Water Research, 33: 3577-3586.
JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). (2017) JECFA database. Retrieved from apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-databas e/search.aspx on Jan 3, 2019.
Lee, M.O. (1994) Numerical model experiments on the tidal current variations due to the bridge piers construction near the straits of Narodo islands. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 27: 47-58.
Lee, S.G., Kang, E.H., Kim, A.H., Choi, S.H., Hong, D.H., Karaulova, E.P., Simokon, M.V., Choi, W.S., Jo, M.R., Son, K.T., Yoon, M.C., Yu, H.S. (2019) Concentrations and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in Shellfish and Crustacean Collected from Vladivostok Area in Russia. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 52: 452-460.
Lunestad, B.T., Maage, A., Roiha, I.S., Myrmel, M., Svanevik, C.S., Duinker, A. (2016) An Outbreak of Norovirus Infection from Shellfish Soup Due to Unforeseen Insufficient Heating During Preparation. Food and Environmental virology, 8: 231-234.
Mallin, M.A., Ensign, S.H., Mciver, M.R., Shank, G.C., Fowler, P.K. (2001) Demographic, landscape, and meteorological factors controlling the microbial pollution of coastal waters. Hydrobiologia, 460: 185-193.
MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety). 2018. Food code. Retrieved from http://www.foodsafetykorea.go.kr/portal/ safefoodlife/food/foodRvlv/foodRvlv.do on Jan 3, 2019.
MOF (2019) Korean Shellfish Sanitation Program. pp.1-94. Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Sejong. Retrieved from http://www.mof.go.kr on May 3.
MOF (2021a) Fisheries information service. Retrieved from http://stat_mof. go.kr on September 5.
MOF (2021c) Sanitary Standard of Water quality in Shellfish growing area. Article 2021-105. Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Sejong. Retrieved from http://www.law.go.kr on September 3.
Mok JS, Lee KJ, Shim KB, LEE TS, Song KC and Kim JH. (2010) Contents of Heavy Metals in Marine Invertebrates from the Korean Coast. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr., 39(6): 894-901.
MW (Ministry of Health and Welfare). (2019) Korea Health Statistics 2018: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-3).
MW (Ministry of Health and Welfare). (2020) National Food & Nutrition Statistics: based on 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Park, K., Jo, M.R., Kim, Y.K., Lee, H.J., Kwon, J.Y., Son, K.T., Lee, T.S. (2012) Evaluation of the Effects of the Inland Pollution Sources after Rainfall Events on the Bacteriological Water Quality in Narodo Area, Korea. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45: 414-422.
Potasman, I., Paz, A., Odeh, M. (2002) Infectious Outbreaks Associated with Bivalve Shellfish Consumption: A Worldwide Perspective. Clinical infectious diseases, 35: 921-928.
Shin, S.B., Lim, C.W., Lee, J.H., Jung, S.H. (2018) Evaluation of Inland Pollution Sources impact in the Gangjin Bay, Korea. Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education, 30: 2241-2248.
US FDA (2016). National Shellfish Sanitation Program: Guide for the Control of Molluscan Shellfish. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, silver Spring. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/Federal StateFoodPrograms/ucm2006754.htm on September 5.
